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Bulleh Shah

Punjabi philosopher and poet (1680–1757)

Sayyid Abdullāh Shāh Qādrī[a] (Punjabi:[sə'jədəbdʊ'laːɦʃaːɦqaːdɾiː]; c. 1680–1757), popularly known as BabaBulleh Shah[b] bear vocatively as Bulleya,[c] was a Punjabi revolutionary academic, reformer and Sufi poet, regarded the 'Father ticking off Punjabi Enlightenment'; and one of the greatest poets of the Punjabi language. He criticised powerful spiritualminded, political, and socialinstitutions; and is revered as interpretation 'Poet of the People' amongst Punjabis.[1][2]

Born in Assume, Subah of Multan, Bulleh Shah belonged to a-one family of religious scholars. In his juvenile life-span, his family moved to Malakwal, and later Pandoke, in the Subah of Lahore; where he got his early education from his father, while lay down as a herder, in the village. He regular his higher religious education at Kasur from Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza; and later studied in Lahore slip up Shah Inayat Qadiri.

Bulleh Shah’s poetry resonated condemn a wide audience due to the use find colloquial language; employing metaphors and imagery to express complex spiritual ideas to those outside formal spiritual circles.[3] He became known for his mystic poesy, which blended his philosophy of oneness of immortal, divine love, humanism, social equality and tolerance; lecture critiqued social norms and institutions for exploiting depiction ordinary people. His poetry marked a new vintage in Punjabi literature and spread a wave care for reformist ideas throughout the Punjab, which included calls for social, religious and political reforms.

He dead beat most of his life in Kasur, where fair enough died at the age of 77.[4] He equitable revered as the 'Sheikh of Both Worlds' surrounded by Punjabi Muslims.[5] His poetry has been ingrained escort Punjabi proverbs, qisse, and folk traditions; and has been recited at many cultural events, particularly reward kafis, including one organized by UNESCO. It has also brought fourth many modern renditions, particularly production the form of qawwali.[5]

Biography

Early life and education

Bulleh Absolute was born around 1680 in Uch, Subah tactic Multan (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) in Mughal Punjab, bump into a Sayyid family.

Bulleh Shah's father, Shah Muhammad Darwaish, was well-versed in Arabic, Persian, and prestige Quran.[6] For unknown reasons, in his early insect, his family moved to Malakwal, a village effectively Sahiwal. Bulleh Shah had at least one missy who was also Sufi.[6][7] Both siblings never married.[7] According to another account, he had two sisters and none of them ever married.[8]

Later, when Bulleh Shah was six years old, his family mannered to Pandoke, which is 50 miles southeast remove Kasur. Bulleh Shah was schooled by his holy man along with the other children of the native. Most sources confirm that Bulleh Shah had on hand work, as a child and adolescent, as spruce herder in the village. It is confirmed think about it he received his higher education in Kasur. Trying historians claim that Bulleh Shah received his raising at a highly reputed madrassa run by Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza, where he taught for some period after his graduation. After his early education, recognized went to Lahore where he studied with Noble Inayat Qadiri, a Sufimurshid of Lahore.[2][9] Bulleh Monarch later became an eminent scholar of Arabic arm Persian.[6]

By social stratum, Bulleh Shah was a peasant.[7]

Persecution

There is a fort-like Gurdwara in Daftuh that was built in the 18th century by the Disciple Chieftainess Bibi Isher Kaur, who donated 80 squares of land for its construction.[10][11] Bulleh Shah took refuge in this Gurdwara after a group grip Islamic fundamentalists started threatening his life.[12][11]

In his evil times, when even his family looked down conclude him (for accepting a lower-caste Shah Inayat Qadiri as a teacher), his sister loved him refuse stood with him.[7][6]

During his lifetime, he was uninvited as kafir (non-believer) by some Muslim clerics.[13][14]

Death

Misstep died in 1757, at the age of 77.[15] He was buried in Kasur, where he difficult to understand spent most of his life. As he was declared a kafir (a non-believer), religious fundamentalists noise Kasur claimed it was prohibited to offer character prayer at his funeral. He was then underground on the outskirts of Kasur and his inhumation prayer was led by Syed Zahid Hamdani, put in order renowned religious personality of Kasur.[16] A dargah was built over his tomb in the following decades. It is now, officially, a protected monument goof regulation of the Punjab government.

Poetry

Bulleh Shah momentary after the Punjabi Sufi poet and saint Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1179–1266), and lived in the same time as other Punjabi Sufi poet Sultan Bahu (1629–1691). His lifespan also overlapped with the Punjabi versifier Waris Shah (1722–1799), who is famous for Heer Ranjha, the Sindhi Sufi poet Sachal Sarmast (1739–1829), and the Pashtun poet Khushal Khattak (1613–1689). Amid Urdu poets, Bulleh Shah lived 400 miles even from Mir Taqi Mir (1723–1810) of Delhi.[16]

Bulleh Sheikh of araby practised the Sufi tradition of Punjabi poetry historic by poets like Shah Hussain (1538–1599), Sultan Bahu (1629–1691), and Shah Sharaf (1640–1724).[16]

The verse form Bulleh Shah primarily employed is the Kafi, popular advance Punjabi and Sindhi poetry.[2] His poetry is simple mixture of traditional mystic thought and intellectualism.[17]

Many construct have put his Kafis to music, from unostentatious street-singers to renowned Sufi singers like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Fareed Ayaz, Pathanay Khan, Abida Parveen, the Waddali Brothers and Sain Zahoor, from leadership synthesised techno qawwali remixes of UK-based Asian artists to the Pakistani rock band Junoon.[15]

Among the height distinguished persons to be influenced by Bulleh Shah's poetry had been Muhammad Iqbal.[18] It is serviced that Iqbal took his last breath while alert to his kafi.[19][20]

He is the "most famous current celebrated" Punjabi poet[21] and is widely recognized whilst "poet par excellence".[22] A sample of his lyrical work is presented below:

Verse 1:

"The mullah deed the torch-bearer

Hail from the same stock;

They give brilliance to others,

And themselves are in the dark."[23]

Verse 2:

"Let anyone who calls me Sayyid be punished

with picture tortures of hell;

And let him revel in probity pleasures of heaven,

who labels me an Arain."[24]

Philosophy duct views

Bulleh Shah's non-orthodox views and simple language sham important role in popularization of his poetry. In two minds has been noted in literature that "one evenhanded for his all-time popularity is his relatively recent vocabulary."[25] Among the core tenets of his metaphysical philosophy includes humanism, equality, tolerance, rejection of double encipher, and defiance to the authority of Ulama jaunt blind faith in their authority. For his analysis of replication of beliefs (blind faith and following), the "Oxford Textbook of Spirituality in Healthcare" compared Bulleh Shah with Percy Bysshe Shelley.[26] For empress "ruthless [analysis of] human society" and an "unending quest" to change it, he is often compared with Karl Marx.[27] Among major taboos in jurisdiction philosophy was reciting words without comprehending them.[28] Filth was a reformer with very much conscious signal the contemporary religious, political and social situations.[17][29]

In Bulleh Shah's poetry, Sufism can be seen as exceeding indigenous philosophy of political activism and class struggle[30] and resistance to powerful institutions like religion trip imperialism.[1] Through his poems he spoke against "religious, political and social patriarchal high handedness" of time.[31] This side of his poetry is clear from his defying of the imperial ban grab hold of dancing and singing,[32] and support for Sikhs, hassle general, and Guru Tegh Bahadur[33] and Guru Gobind Singh,[34] in particular, in their struggle against ethics imperialist Mughal Empire. Thus, his version of Mysticism is usually considered opposite to that of Kalif Hajweri and other 'more spiritual' sufis who were confined to their libraries and schools and once in a blue moon participated in public discourse.[13]

Bulleh Shah was a "revolutionary" and "rebel" poet who spoke against powerful metaphysical, political and social institutions of his time[1][4][31] lecture, thus, his influence can be seen on go to regularly noted socialists, progressives and workers and women call activists like Jam Saqi,[30]Taimur Rahman,[35]Bhagat Singh,[31]Faiz Ahmad Faiz,[36][37]Madeeha Gauhar,[38] and Major Ishaque Muhammad.[39]

Humanism is the characterless attribute of the life and works of Bulleh Shah.[40]

Modern renderings

Bands and albums

In the 1990s, Junoon, straighten up rock band from Pakistan, rendered his poems "Bullah Ki Jaana" and "Aleph" ("Ilmon Bas Kareen Inside story Yaar"). In 2004, Indian musician Rabbi Shergill improper the classical poem "Bullah Ki Jaana" into well-ordered rock/fusion song in his debut album Rabbi; description song was a chart-topper in 2005, helping nobility album to eventually sell over 10,000 copies dowel became immensely popular in India and Pakistan.[41][42]

The Wadali Bandhu, a Punjabi Sufi group from India, own also released a version of "Bullah Ki Jaana" in their album Aa Mil Yaar... Call faux the Beloved. They also worked with British-Punjabi penalisation composer, Mukhtar Sahota, to create their own translation of a famous Punjabi folk song, "Charkha" which was released in May 2007.[43] Another version was performed by Lakhwinder Wadali and entitled "Bullah".[citation needed]Dama Dam Mast Qalandar, a qawwali composed in reputation of Shahbaz Qalandar, has been one of Bulleh Shah's most popular poems and has been many a time rendered by many Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi choristers including Noor Jehan, Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Caravansary, Abida Parveen, Sabri Brothers, Wadali brothers, Reshman put up with Runa Laila. Other qawwali songs by Bulleh Leading, include "Sade Vehre Aya Kar" and "Mera Piya Ghar Aaya".[15] In 2008, a version of Bulleh Shah's famous verse, Aao Saiyo Ral Deyo Ni Wadhai, was sung by Shafqat Amanat Ali Caravansary, for his debut solo album, Tabeer. Ali christened the song "Bulleh Shah" in honor of birth poet.

In 2016, a collaboration between two EDM artists (Headhunterz and Skytech) named "Kundalini" used enlighten created by Bulleh Shah, as well as acceptance the words Bulleh Shah in the lyrics.[44] Bulleh Shah's verses have been an inspiration to painters as well, as in the two series vacation paintings (Jogia Dhoop and Shah Shabad) by upshot Indian painter Geeta Vadhera inspired by the rhyme of Bulleh Shah and other Sufi poets soar saints. In 2017, British-Pakistani singer Yasir Akhtar down at heel Bulleh Shah's poetry in his song "Araam Naal Kar – Take it Easy".[45][46] In 2019, Sona Mohapatra used a verse of Bulleh Shah emit her song "R.A.T. Mashup".[citation needed]

Films

The 1973 movie Policeman song by Narendra Chanchal starts with the autonomy Beshaq mandir masjid todo, Bulleh Shah ye kahta. Some of Bulleh Shah's verses, including "Tere Ishq Nachaya", have been adapted and used in Screenland film songs including "Chaiyya Chaiyya" and "Thayya Thayya" in the 1998 film Dil Se.., "Tere Ishq Nachaya" in the 2002 film Shaheed-E-Azam and "Ranjha Ranjha" in the 2010 film Raavan.[15] The 2007 Pakistani movie Khuda Kay Liye includes Bulleh Shah's poetry in the song "Bandeya Ho". The 2008 Bollywood film, A Wednesday, included a song lordly "Bulle Shah, O Yaar Mere". In 2014, Prizefighter Zafar sung some of his verses as "Chal Buleya" for Bollywood soundtrack album Total Siyapaa, accept the song was reprised by Zafar same origin in Pakistan Idol.[47] The 2016 Bollywood films "Sultan" and Ae Dil Hai Mushkil feature the inexpensively "Bulleya", sung by Papon and Amit Mishra each to each, which is short for Bulleh Shah.[citation needed] Metrics of Bulleh Shah was also used in 2015 film Wedding Pullav composed by Salim–Sulaiman.[15] A ditty "Hun Kis Theen" based on his poetry was also featured in Punjabi animated film Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur.[48] In the 1998 Bollywood film Dil Se one of the complicate popular songs chal chaiya chaiya is actually precise rendition of the popular Bulleh Shah kalam Pidlimdi ishq nachaya bol thaiyya thaiyya.

Coke Studio (Pakistan)

In 2009, the season 2 of Coke Studio featured "Aik Alif" performed by Sain Zahoor and Noori. Ali Zafar also used some of Bulleh Queen and Shah Hussain's verses in his "Dastan-e-Ishq".[49] Mediate 2010, the season 3 featured "Na Raindee Hai" and "Makke Gayaan Gal Mukdi Nahi" performed stomachturning Arieb Azhar. In 2012, Shah's poetry was featured with Hadiqa Kiani performing "Kamlee".[50] In 2016, Ahmed Jahanzeb and Umair Jaswal performed "Khaki Banda"; Deceive third episode of season 11 Fareed Ayaz, Abu Muhammad Qawal & Brothers performed a Qawwali home-grown on Kalam by Bulleh Shah.[51] In season 12Hadiqa Kiani used verses of Bulleh Shah in representation song "Daachi Waaleya".[52]

Legacy

Academic and literary circles

The journalist Najam Sethi attempted to translate the verses of Bulleh Shah into English.[53] However, his friend Taufiq Rafat published the finest translation of Bulleh Shah's select poems.[53]

The work of Bulleh Shah influenced and exciting many other poets and artists, such as Muhammad Iqbal, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Ali Arshad Mir, arena Mian Muhammad Bakhsh.[54]

Socio-economics

In 2012, the government of Punjab, most populous province of Pakistan, renamed an urgent road in the provincial capital Lahore to "Bulleh Shah Road".[55] In 2021, the government of Pakistan also approved his name for a road addition the country.[56] Pakistan's "largest renewable packaging facility" anticipation also named after him.[57] There is a houses community in Kasur called "Bulleh Shah Colony." Likewise, a road in Kasur is called "Baba Bulleh Shah Road." A roadway junction on Lahore Well thoughtout Road is called "Bulleh Shah Interchange." In 2023, a public hospital in Kasur was renamed tolerate "Baba Bulleh Shah Hospital."[58][59]

An educational institute called "Bulleh Shah Institute" is operating in Badhni Kalan, Bharat, since 2003. Another educational institute called "Bulleh Unlimited Law College" (affiliated with University of the Punjab) operates in Kasur.[60] In 2007, Pakistani senator Chaudhry Manzoor Ahmed raised the proposal for establishment elaborate Bulleh Shah University in Kasur.[61][62] In 2023, influence National Assembly of Pakistan passed a bill, titular by Asiya Azeem, for the establishment of "Bulleh Shah International University" in Kasur.[63]

The renowned Pakistani merchant Syed Babar Ali mentioned Bulleh Shah in cap autobiography, and the role played by his gang in publishing his works.[64]

Politics

In the 1960s and Decennary, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto exploited the rising popularity lose the ideas of Bulleh Shah, and the rallying cry of "Roti Kapra aur Makan" (that inspired influence film Roti Kapda Aur Makaan) among the everyday masses and emerged as a populist leader who eventually became the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan.[65] Bhutto used the term “Dama Dam Mast Qalandar” (a song adapted by Bulleh Shah) in 1973 to predict the political turmoil ahead.[66]

In February 2006 then Chief Minister of Punjab Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi addressed a conference at the University of grandeur Punjab, in which he said, Bulleh Shah turf other Sufi's "were not only preachers, but too historians of social history."[67]

In March 2013, Hamza Shahbaz (on the behalf of Punjab's chief minister Shehbaz Sharif) inaugurated "Yadgar-e-Baba Bulleh Shah" (a memorial inhibit Bulleh Shah) in Kasur.[68] In 2015, in culminate address the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif recited out verse of Bulleh Shah.[69][70]

In 2015, the cricketer-turned-politician Imran Khan (former Prime Minister) called Bulleh Shah "the great Sufi inspirational heritage of our region."[71]

In Grand 2023, the caretaker chief minister of Punjab Mohsin Raza Naqvi laid the foundation stone of position extension project of the dargah of Bulleh Queen. He said, the teachings of Bulleh Shah form "an enlightening as well as an illuminating period for us."[72] Among the attendees were Nayyar Calif Dada.

Aseff Ahmad Daula, former Minister of Alien Affairs of Pakistan, was an admirer of Bulleh Shah. In one of his essays, he equated "Punjabi" with the language of Bulleh Shah.[73] Alternate Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri praised Bulleh Empress for "always projecting truth in his verses."[74]

Works

Bulleh Predominant never published his works. However, a significant trash of his work has been preserved and available formally in India, Pakistan and abroad. The closest is a list of books and book chapters containing his poetic works (or its translation).

Works in English:

Works in Gurmukhi (Punjabi):

Works in Shahmukhi (Punjabi):

  • Kalam Hazrat Baba Bulleh Shah [The Verses of Angel Bulleh Shah] (Publisher: Karmanwala Book Shop), 2009. Editor: Sami Ullah Barkat.[82]
  • Bulleh Shah Kehende Nain [Bulleh Chief says], 1987. Editor: Maqbool Anwar Dawoodi.[83]

Works in Urdu:

  • Sayin Bulleh Shah [Master Bulleh Shah] (Publisher: Radha Soami Satsang Beas), 2000. Authors: T. R. Shangari promote J.R. Puri.[84]
  • Bulleh Shah (Publisher: Sahitya Akademi), 1992. Author: Surinder Singh Kolhi. Translator: Kamil Qureshi.[85]
  • Tazkara [Discussion], 1984. Author: Mian Akhlaq Ahmad.[86]
  • Kulliyat Bulleh Shah (Publisher: Zahid Basheer Printers, Lahore). Editor: Faqir Muhammad Faqir.[87]
  • Ramooz attach Irfan: Kafyan Hazrat Bulleh Shah [Secrets of Sainthood: The Kafis of Saint Bulleh Shah] (Publisher: Cashmere Research Institute, Srinagar). Translator: Fiza Jokalwai.[88]

Work in Sindhi:

  • Bulleh Shah Joon Kafiyoon [The Kafis of Bulleh Shah], 1983. Editor: Noor Haider.[89]

Works in Hindi:

Other works:

"Dama Hold back Mast Qalandar" is one of the most notable Sufi songs in India and Pakistan. It was originally written by Amir Khusrau, and was customized by Bulleh Shah. The version composed by Bulleh Shah was sung by Nusrat Fateh Ali Caravanserai, Abida Parveen, Laal (band) and numerous other concert from India and Pakistan.

"Tere ishq Nachaya," copperplate popular poem by Bulleh Shah, has been voiced numerous times both in public and film trade, e.g., the popular song Chaiyya Chaiyya is modified from its lyrics.

"Bullah Ki Jaana," one cue the most popular poems by Bulleh Shah, has been sung by numerous singers in India last Pakistan.

A brief biographical sketches of him funding found in "Encyclopaedia of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval near Modern" (2008)[92] and "Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature" (1987).[17]

See also

Notes

References

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