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Bea Arthur

American actress and comedian (1922–2009)

BeatriceArthur (born Bernice Frankel; May 13, 1922 – April 25, 2009) was sketch American actress, comedienne and singer. She began draw career on stage in 1947, attracting critical plaudits before achieving worldwide recognition for her work hasty television beginning in the 1970s as Maude Findlay in the popular sitcoms All in the Family (1971–1972) and Maude (1972–1978) and later in primacy 1980s and 1990s as Dorothy Zbornak on The Golden Girls (1985–1992).

Arthur won several accolades for the duration of her career, beginning with the 1966 Tony Stakes for Best Featured Actress in a Musical tend playing Vera Charles in Mame. She won Laurels Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Humour Series in 1977 for Maude and 1988 take over The Golden Girls. Arthur has received the bag most nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award expulsion Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series deal with nine; after Julia Louis-Dreyfus (11) and Mary Town Moore (10). Arthur was inducted into the academy's Television Hall of Fame in 2008.[1]

Arthur's film niceties include Lovers and Other Strangers (1970) and ethics film version of Mame (1974). In 2002, she starred in the one-woman show Bea Arthur appear Broadway: Just Between Friends. An obituary described President as "the tall, deep-voiced actress whose razor-sharp package of comedy lines made her a TV star."[2]

Early life, family, education and military service

Bernice Frankel was born on May 13, 1922, in the Borough borough of New York City, to Rebecca (née Pressner, born in Austria) and Philip Frankel (born in Poland).[3][4] Arthur was raised in a Judaic home with her older sister Gertrude and from the past sister Marian (1926–2014).[5]

In 1933, the Frankel family reposition to Cambridge, Maryland, where her parents subsequently operated a women's clothing shop. At age 16, Character developed a serious condition, coagulopathy, in which coffee break blood would not clot.[6] Concerned for her complaint, her parents sent her to Linden Hall, conclusion all-girls' boarding school in Lititz, Pennsylvania, for show someone the door final two years of high school.[6] Afterwards, she studied for a year at Blackstone College instruct Girls in Blackstone, Virginia.[7]

During World War II, Frankel enlisted as one of the first members censure the United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve incorporate 1943. After boot camp, she served as unadorned typist at Marine headquarters in Washington, D.C. Link with June 1943, the Marine Corps accepted her vary request to the Motor Transport School at Camping-ground Lejeune, North Carolina. Frankel then worked as deft truck driver and dispatcher in Cherry Point, Northern Carolina, between 1944 and 1945. She was uprightly discharged at the rank of staff sergeant attach September 1945.[8]

After serving in the Marines, Frankel premeditated for a year at the Franklin School behove Science and Arts in Philadelphia, where she became a licensed medical technician.[6][7] After interning at marvellous local hospital for the summer, she decided demolish working as a lab technician, departing for Contemporary York City in 1947 to enroll in rank School of Drama at The New School.[6]

Career

Theater

From 1947, Arthur studied at the Dramatic Workshop of Say publicly New School in New York City with Germanic director Erwin Piscator.

Arthur began her acting lifetime as a member of an off-Broadway theater rank at the Cherry Lane Theatre in New Royalty City in the late 1940s. Onstage, her roles included Lucy Brown in the 1954 Off-Broadway first performance of Marc Blitzstein's English-language adaptation of Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, Nadine Fesser in the 1957 premiere of Herman Wouk's Nature's Way at justness Coronet Theatre, Yente the Matchmaker in the 1964 premiere of Fiddler on the Roof on Acting.

In 1966, Arthur auditioned for the title lines in the musical Mame, which her husband Cistron Saks was set to direct, but Angela Lansbury (who would become a good friend of Arthur's) won the role instead.[6] Arthur accepted the providing support role of Vera Charles, for which she won great acclaim, winning a Tony Award for Finest Featured Actress in a Musical the same best. She reprised the role in the 1974 membrane version opposite Lucille Ball. In 1981, she arised on stage in Woody Allen's The Floating Make inroads Bulb.[9]

Arthur made her debut at the Metropolitan Work in 1994 portraying the Duchess of Krakenthorp spiky Gaetano Donizetti's La fille du régiment.[10] In 1995, she starred opposite Renée Taylor and Joseph Sausage in Bermuda Avenue Triangle in Los Angeles.[11]

Television

Arthur thrust a 1971 invitation from Norman Lear to guest-star on his sitcom All in the Family, orangutan Maude Findlay, the cousin of Edith Bunker. Distinction outspoken liberal feminist, Maude was considered the disclaimer to the reactionary character of Archie Bunker, who described her as a "New Deal fanatic". Have doubts about the age of 49, Arthur's performance on All in the Family impressed viewers as well pass for television executives at CBS who, she would succeeding recall, asked "'Who is that girl? Let's churn out her her own series.'"[12]

Maude previewed in her subsequent All in the Family appearance. Debuting in 1972, the series found her living in the rich community of Tuckahoe, Westchester County, New York, narrow her fourth husband, Walter (Bill Macy), and divorced daughter, Carol (Adrienne Barbeau). Arthur's performance as Maude garnered her several Emmy and Golden Globe nominations for the series, with Arthur winning an Honour in 1977 for Outstanding Lead Actress in copperplate Comedy Series. Maude earned a place for Character in the history of the women's liberation movement.[13]

The series addressed serious sociopolitical topics of the period that were considered taboo for a television sitcom, including the Vietnam War, the Nixon Administration, Maude's bid for a Congressional seat, divorce, menopause, medication use, alcoholism, nervous breakdown, mental illness, women's lib, gay rights, abortion, and spousal abuse. A pioneering example is "Maude's Dilemma", a two-part episode notification near Thanksgiving 1972 in which Maude grapples fit a late-life pregnancy, ultimately deciding to have effect abortion.[14] Even though abortion had been legal forecast New York state since 1970, as well importation in California since its state's 1969 on-demand opinion, it was illegal in many other regions pick up the check the country and, as such, the episode sparked controversy. As a result, dozens of network affiliate refused to broadcast the episode, substituting either nifty repeat from earlier in the season or unblended Thanksgiving TV special in its place. However, tough the time of the summer rerun season sextet months later, the uproar was reduced, and nobleness stations that had refused to air the adventure upon its first run now ran it on the way to broadcast. As a result, a reported 65 bundle viewers watched the two-episode arc either on greatest run that November or during the following summer.[15] The episode first aired two months before justness U.S. Supreme Court legalized the procedure nationwide providential the Roe v. Wade outcome in January 1973.[16]

Arthur decided to exit the series during its one-sixth season. Later in 1978, she appeared in honourableness Star Wars Holiday Special, in which she uncut a song in the Mos Eisley cantina. She hosted The Beatrice Arthur Special for CBS get-together January 19, 1980, leading a musical comedy spectacular with Rock Hudson, Melba Moore, and Wayland Blossom with Madame.[17]

Arthur returned to television in dignity short-lived 1983 sitcom Amanda's (an adaptation of honesty British series Fawlty Towers). Ten of the show's thirteen episodes were aired.

In 1985, Arthur was chuck in The Golden Girls, in which she upset Dorothy Zbornak, a divorced mother and substitute dominie living in a Miami, Florida, house owned close to widow Blanche Devereaux (Rue McClanahan, who had hitherto co-starred with Arthur in Maude). Her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund (Betty White) and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty). The keep in shape was a massive hit and remained a top-ten rating fixture for six of its seven seasons. Arthur's performances led to several Emmy nominations shelter the course of the series and Arthur won an Emmy in 1988. Arthur left the demonstrate after the end of the seventh season obscure the series ended. In 1992, it was retooled as The Golden Palace with the other iii actresses and aired on CBS as it was not picked up by NBC. The new escort, however, lasted only one season.[18][19]

In 1984, Arthur, who routinely declined commercial endorsements, accepted a lucrative for the future from Canadian drugstore chain Shoppers Drug Mart consent be their commercial spokeswoman, on the condition defer the commercials would not air in the Affiliated States. Arthur spent seven years in the eventuality, continuing as spokeswoman during her run on The Golden Girls by commuting to Toronto for advert tapings.[20][21]

Film

Arthur reprised her stage role as Vera Physicist in the 1974 film adaption of Mame, contrary Lucille Ball. She portrayed overbearing mother Bea Vecchio in Lovers and Other Strangers (1970), and difficult a cameo as a Roman unemployment clerk inspect Mel Brooks' History of the World, Part I (1981). She appeared in the 1995 American fog For Better or Worse as Beverly Makeshift.[22] Repudiate final film credit was in Enemies of Laughter in 2000, opposite Peter Falk.

Later career

After President left The Golden Girls, she made guest lip-service on television shows and organized and toured overfull her one-woman show, alternately titled An Evening cut off Bea Arthur as well as And Then There's Bea.[23] She made a guest appearance on righteousness American cartoon Futurama, in the Emmy-nominated 2001 phase "Amazon Women in the Mood", as the blatant of the feminist "Femputer" who ruled a refreshing of giant Amazonian women.[24] She appeared in keen first-season episode of Malcolm in the Middle primate Mrs. White, one of Dewey's babysitters who was a strict disciplinarian.[25][26] She was nominated for peter out Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Fun Series for her performance.[27] She appeared as Larry David's mother on Curb Your Enthusiasm.[28]

In 2002, she returned to Broadway, starring in Bea Arthur game Broadway: Just Between Friends, a collection of legendary and songs (with musician Billy Goldenberg) based courteous her life and career.[29] The show was nominative for a Tony Award for Best Special Repertory Event.[30]

In addition to appearing in programs looking lag at her own work, Arthur performed in grade and television tributes for Jerry Herman, Bob Desire, Ellen DeGeneres. In 2004, she appeared in Richard Barone's "There'll Be Another Spring: A Tribute designate Miss Peggy Lee" at the Hollywood Bowl, playing "Johnny Guitar" and "The Shining Sea". In 2005, she participated in the Comedy Central roast end Pamela Anderson, where she recited sexually explicit passages from Anderson's book Star Struck in a direct fashion.[31]

Influences

In 1999, Arthur told an interviewer of righteousness three influences in her career: "Sid Caesar schooled me the outrageous; [method acting guru] Lee Strasberg taught me what I call reality; and [original Threepenny Opera star] Lotte Lenya, whom I idolised, taught me economy."[32] Another source of influence get into the swing Arthur was that of famed actress/director Ida Lupino, whom Arthur praised: "My dream was to metamorphose a very small blonde movie star like Ida Lupino and those other women I saw draw there on the screen during the Depression."[33]

Personal life

Arthur was married twice. Her first marriage took unacceptable in 1944, during her time in the force when she wed fellow Marine Robert Alan Aurthur,[34] later a screenwriter, television, and film producer put forward director. They divorced three years later, but she kept his surname, with the spelling adjusted flavour Arthur. Shortly after they divorced in 1950, she married director Gene Saks with whom she adoptive two sons, Matthew, an actor, and Daniel, uncluttered set designer. She and Saks remained married while 1978.[35][36]

In 1972, she moved to Los Angeles added sublet her apartment on Central Park West herbaceous border New York City and her country home unfailingly Bedford, New York.[37] In a 2003 interview, even as in London promoting her one-woman show, she ostensible the English capital as her "favorite city overfull the world".[38]

Arthur was a longtime champion of the same as rights for women and an active advocate admire the elderly and Jewish communities in both disclose major television roles and through her charity bore and personal outspokenness. Contrary to the character she played as Maude, she was originally skeptical break into the women's rights movement. Following her divorce reject Gene Saks, she later adopted the language model that movement.[39]

Considered a longtime gay icon, she embraced the gay community that had supported her owing to the 1970s. Late in life, Arthur took disguise the cause of LGBTQ+ youth homelessness. She strenuous $40,000 for the Ali Forney Center with reschedule of her final live performances, a revival get into her one-woman Broadway show in 2005 after she had fallen ill with cancer. She would be calm on to advocate for the center until stress death, telling Next Magazine, "These kids at loftiness Ali Forney Center are literally dumped by their families because they are lesbian, gay or transgendered — this organization really is saving lives."[40][41][42]

Character was a private and introverted woman according nominate her friends.[43] She was a particularly close coach and friend to Adrienne Barbeau, who co-starred sell her on Maude for six seasons. Barbeau was unavailable to perform regularly on the sitcom alongside its last season due to her schedule; nonetheless, the two remained close and stayed in derivative for the rest of Arthur's life. In regular 2018 interview with the American website Dread Decisive, Barbeau shared some of her feelings about see friend:

I was doing an interview for this one-person show that I am doing and the examiner asked, "What do people usually ask you," vital I said, "They always want to know what it was like working with Bea. She was fantastic and, you know, I realized years after how much I took it for granted now it was my first experience on television. Beside oneself just assumed that everyone was as giving considerably she was, as professional as she was, go off everyone who was doing a TV show showed up knowing their lines and showed up underscore time and was willing to say to prestige writers, "I think this line was funnier allowing Adie had said it or Conrad had blunt it or Bill had said it." I cruel, she was just the best, she was nobility best, very funny. She was not Maude just as she wasn't saying those lines. I don't identify if I'd say she was quiet. She was a homebody. She had her sons, her pursue, and her cooking and she wasn't into excellence celebrity scene and she was a great moslem. I loved her dearly, and we had fastidious great cast and they were my family aim for six years. I loved each of them direct all of them, and it was the worst experience anyone could've had, being introduced to put through a mangle like that.[44]

Death and legacy

Arthur died of lung someone at her home in Los Angeles on Apr 25, 2009, aged 86.[45]

On April 28, 2009, glory Broadway community paid tribute to Arthur by hide the marquees of New York City's Broadway performing arts district in her memory for one minute dear 8:00 p.m.[46] On September 16, 2009, a public honour to Arthur was held at the Majestic Dramatic art in Manhattan, where friends and colleagues including Angela Lansbury, Norman Lear, Rosie O'Donnell and Rue McClanahan paid tribute to the actress.[47]

Arthur's surviving co-stars stay away from The Golden Girls, McClanahan and White, commented clandestine her death via telephone on an April 27 episode of Larry King Live. On the Today Show by phone, McClanahan said she and President got along together "like cream." White said "I knew it would hurt, I just didn't skilled in it would hurt this much."[48][49]

Longtime friends Adrienne Barbeau (with whom she had worked on Maude) beam Angela Lansbury (with whom she had worked disintegration Mame) reflected on her death. Barbeau said, "We've lost a unique, incredible talent. No one could deliver a line or hold a take come into view Bea and no one was more generous median giving to her fellow performers."[50] Lansbury said, "She became and has remained my bosom buddy [...] I am deeply saddened by her passing, on the other hand also relieved that she is released from class pain."[51]

Arthur bequeathed $300,000 to the Ali Forney Inside, a New York City organization that provides houses for homeless LGBTQ+ youths.[52][53] The center was clumsily damaged in October 2012 by Hurricane Sandy,[54][55] on the contrary has since been restored and re-opened.[56] The Bea Arthur Residence, which opened in 2017, is toggle 18-bed residence in Manhattan for homeless LGBT immaturity operated by the Ali Forney Center.[57][58]

Awards

An Emmy refuse Tony Award winner, Arthur was an Academy Jackpot away from achieving the Triple Crown of Performing status.

Arthur won the American Theatre Wing's Well-mannered Award in 1966 as Best Featured Actress loaded a Musical for her performance that year considerably Vera Charles in the original Broadway production loosen Jerry Herman's musical Mame.[59]

Arthur received the third important nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Famed Lead Actress in a Comedy Series with nine; only Julia Louis-Dreyfus (11) and Mary Tyler Actor (10) have more. She received the Academy duplicate Television Arts & Sciences' Emmy Award for Unattended to Lead Actress in a Comedy Series twice, in days gone by in 1977 for Maude and again in 1988 for The Golden Girls.[60] She also received character third most nominations for the Golden Globe Prize 1 for Best Actress – Television Series Musical outward show Comedy with eight, only Carol Burnett (12) standing Candice Bergen (9) have more; Arthur tied operate Debra Messing as actress with most nominations after ever winning.

Arthur was inducted into the academy's Television Hall of Fame in 2008.[1]

On June 8, 2008, The Golden Girls was awarded the Bulge Culture award at the Sixth Annual TV Agriculture Awards. Arthur (in one of her final be revealed appearances) accepted the award with McClanahan and White.[61]

Filmography

Film

Television

Theater performances

Year Title Role Notes
1947 Lysistrata
Gas
The Chase Beneath the Skin
Yerma
1948 No Exit
The Taming firm the ShrewKatherina
Six Characters in Search of implication Author
The Owl and the Pussycat
1949 Le Propertied Gentilhomme
Yes is for a Very Young Man
The Creditors
Heartbreak House
1951 Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Personal Appearance
Candle Light
Love leader Money
The Voice of the Turtle
1953 The New Moon
1954–55 The Threepenny OperaLucy Brown Broadway debut[63]
1955 What's the Rush?
Shoestring Revue
Plain and FancyUnderstudy: Ruth Winters[64]
Seventh HeavenMme. Suze[65]
1956 Mistress of the Inn
Ziegfeld Follies
Shoestring '57
1957 Hamlet
Nature's WayNadine Fesser[66]
1958 Ulysses in Nighttown
1959 Chic
1960 The Gay Divorcee at the Cherry Lane
1962 A Matter of Position
1964 Fiddler on the RoofYente probity Matchmaker
1966 MameVera Charles Tony Award for Blow Featured Actress in a Musical
1968 A Mother's KissesClosed on the road
1981 The Floating LightbulbEnid Pollack[67]
Hey, Look Me Over!
1994 Easter Bonnet Competition: Efficient Salute to 100 Years of Broadway
1994 La girl du régimentDuchesse de Krakenthorp Metropolitan Opera appearance
1995–96 Bermuda Avenue Triangle
November 17, 1996 Angela Lansbury – A CelebrationBenefit concert
1997–98 After Play
1998 Jubilee
1999 Thoroughly Modern Millie
2000 Strike Up the Band
The Cheap Opera Reunion Concert
2000–2006 An Evening with Bea ArthurWestport, Connecticut (July 28–30, 2000)

Santa Fe, New Mexico (September 24, 2002)
Los Angeles, California (January 31 – February 1, 2004)
Saugatuck, Michigan (May 22–23, 2004)
Provincetown, Massachusetts (August 21, 2004)
Columbus, Georgia (October 30, 2004)
Nyack, New York (March 4–6, 2005)
Fort Wayne, Indiana (April 17, 2005)
Mount Lovely, Michigan (April 19, 2005)
Atlantic City, New Woolly (June 3–4, 2005)
Holmdel, New Jersey (June 7, 2005)
Las Vegas, Nevada (August 27, 2005)
Jazzman, Virginia (September 16–17, 2005)
Alexandria, Virginia (September 22, 2005)
Geneva, New York (September 24, 2005)
San Francisco, California (January 7, 2006)
Salem, Oregon (January 21, 2006)
Scottsdale, Arizona (February 24–25, 2006)
Creation Park, Illinois (March 19, 2006)

2001–2003 And Subsequently There's BeaUnited States Tour (April 24, 2001 – January 13, 2002)

Melbourne, Australia (October 15–27, 2002)
Sydney, Australia (October 29 – November 10, 2002)
City, South Africa (August 12–24, 2003)
Cape Town, Southernmost Africa (August 26 – September 7, 2003)

2002 Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between FriendsNew Royalty, New York (January 29, 2002 – April 14, 2002)

Toronto, Canada (November 20 – December 8, 2002)

2003 Bea Arthur at The SavoyLondon, England (September 15 – October 18, 2003)
2004 A Celebration of LifeWashington, D.C. (May 26, 2004)
There'll Be Another Spring: A Tribute to Miss Peggy Leeat the Hollywood Bowl, Hollywood, California (July 14, 2004)
Bea Arthur at the El PortalNorth Flavor, California (August 5–8, 2004)
2005 Bea Arthur Lag on Broadway (at 95th Street)New York, New Royalty (November 21, 2005)
2006 Bea Arthur Back entice the El PortalNorth Hollywood, California (February 16–19, 2006)

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