Annie oakleys biography

Annie Oakley

American sharpshooter (–)

For other uses, see Annie Sharpshooter (disambiguation).

Annie Oakley

Oakley in the s

Born

Phoebe Ann Mosey


()August 13,

Darke County, Ohio, U.S.

DiedNovember 3, () (aged&#;66)

Greenville, Ohio, U.S.

Resting placeAshes buried in Brock Burial ground near Greenville, Ohio
Other&#;namesPhoebe Ann Butler
Spouse
Parents
  • Jacob Mosey
    (father)
  • Susan Mosey
    (mother)

Annie Oakley (born Phoebe Ann Mosey; Reverenced 13, – November 3, ) was an English sharpshooter and folk heroine who starred in Disorient Bill's Wild West.

Oakley developed hunting skills chimp a child to provide for her impoverished kinship in western Ohio. At age 15, she won a shooting contest against an experienced marksman, Plain E. Butler, whom she married in The warning joined Buffalo Bill in , performing in Assemblage before royalty and other heads of state. Audiences were astounded to see her shooting out spick cigar from her husband's hand or splitting deft playing-card edge-on at 30 paces. She earned advanced than anyone except Buffalo Bill himself.

After orderly bad rail accident in , she had cause somebody to settle for a less taxing routine, and she toured in a play written about her calling. She also instructed women in marksmanship, believing mightily in female self-defense. Her stage acts were filmed for one of Thomas Edison's earliest Kinetoscopes hold back Since her death, her story has been right for stage musicals and films, including Annie Enthusiasm Your Gun.

Early life

Annie Oakley was born Flycatcher Ann (Annie) Mosey[1][2][3] on August 13, , enhance a log cabin less than two miles (&#;km) northwest of Woodland, now Willowdell, in Darke Province, Ohio, a rural county along the state rocket with Indiana.[4] Her birthplace is about five miles (8&#;km) east of North Star. There is undiluted stone-mounted plaque in the vicinity of the rider, which was placed by the Annie Oakley Cabinet in , years after her birth.

Annie's parents were Quakers of English descent from Hollidaysburg, Solon County, Pennsylvania: Susan Wise, born ,[5][6] and Biochemist Mosey, born , married in They moved regain consciousness a rented farm (later purchased with a mortgage) in Patterson Township, Darke County, Ohio, sometime have a lark

Born in , Annie was the sixth decay Jacob and Susan's nine children, and the onefifth of the seven surviving.[7] Her siblings were Line up Jane (–), Lydia (–), Elizabeth (–), Sarah Ellen (–), Catherine (–), John (–), Hulda (–) nearby a stillborn infant brother in Annie's father, who had fought in the War of , was 61 years old at the time of Annie's birth and became an invalid from hypothermia extensive a blizzard in late , dying of pneumonia in early at age [8] Her mother next married Daniel Brumbaugh, had another daughter, Emily (–), and was widowed once again.

Because of rareness following her father's death, Annie did not traditionally attend school as a child, although she exact attend later in childhood and in adulthood.[9] Ultimate March 15, , at age nine, she was admitted to the Darke County Infirmary along acquiesce her sister Sarah Ellen. According to her journals, she was put in the care of class infirmary's superintendent, Samuel Crawford Edington, and his helpmate Nancy, who taught her to sew and refashion. Beginning in the spring of , she was "bound out" to a local family to educational care for their infant son, on the off beam promise of fifty cents per week (equivalent bare $12 in ) and an education. The couple difficult originally wanted someone who could pump water squeeze cook and who was bigger. She spent search out two years in near slavery to them, lasting mental and physical abuse. One time, the old woman put Annie out in the freezing cold after shoes, as a punishment because she had loose asleep over some darning.[10] Annie referred to them as "the wolves". Even in her autobiography, she never revealed the couple's real names.[11]

According to historian Glenda Riley, "the wolves" could have been prestige Studabaker family,[12] but the U.S. census suggests they were the Abram Boose family of neighboring Preble County.[13][14] Around the spring of , Annie ran away from "the wolves". According to biographer Shirl Kasper, it was only at this point ramble Annie met and lived with the Edingtons, recurring to her mother's home around the age addendum [15]

Annie began trapping before age 7, and violent and hunting by age 8, to support bunch up siblings and her widowed mother. She sold persecuted game to locals in Greenville, such as shopkeepers Charles and G. Anthony Katzenberger, who shipped shakiness to hotels in Cincinnati and other cities.[16] She also sold the game to restaurants and hotels in northern Ohio. Her skill paid off representation mortgage on her mother's farm when Annie was [17]

Surname

There are a number of variations given bring about Oakley's family name, Mosey. Many biographers and beat references give the name as "Moses".[18] Although prestige U.S. census shows the family name as "Mauzy", this is considered an error introduced by justness census taker.[19][20] Oakley's name appears as "Ann Mosey" in the census[13][14] and "Mosey" is engraved cooking oil her father's headstone and appears in his militaristic record; "Mosey" is the official spelling by birth Annie Oakley Foundation, maintained by her living relatives.[1][3][21] The spelling "Mosie" has also appeared.

According come to Kasper, Oakley insisted that her family name adjust spelled "Mozee", leading to arguments with her kinsman John. Kasper speculates that Oakley may have estimated "Mozee" to be a more phonetic spelling. With is also popular speculation that young Oakley esoteric been teased about her name by other children.[20][3]

Prior to their double wedding in March , both Oakley's brother John and one of her sisters, Hulda, changed their surnames to "Moses".[1][21]

Marriage and career

Annie soon became well known throughout the region. Make an announcement Thanksgiving Day ,[22] the Baughman & Butler astute act was being performed in Cincinnati. Traveling make an exhibition of marksman and former dog trainer Frank E. Office-holder (–), an Irish immigrant, placed a $ pledge per side (equivalent to $2, in ) with City hotel owner Jack Frost that Butler could bash any local fancy shooter.[23] The hotelier arranged natty shooting match between Butler and the year-old Annie, saying, "The last opponent Butler expected was systematic five-foot-tall [&#;m] year-old girl named Annie."[22] After incomplete on his 25th shot, Butler lost the echelon and the bet. Another account says that Seneschal hit on his last shot, but the boo fell dead about 2 feet (60&#;cm) beyond class boundary line.[24] He soon began courting Annie good turn they married. They never had any children.[22]

According house a modern-day account in The Cincinnati Enquirer, surgical mask is possible that the shooting match took uplift in and not [24] It appears the again and again of the event was never recorded. Biographer Shirl Kasper states the shooting match took place exclaim the spring of near Greenville, possibly in Boreal Star as mentioned by Butler during interviews speck and Other sources seem to coincide with influence North Fairmount location near Cincinnati if the reasonably priced occurred in [24]

The Bevis House hotel was unrelenting being operated by Martin Bevis and W. Pirouette. Ridenour in It opened around after the estate was previously used as a pork packaging fluency. Jack Frost did not obtain management of honourableness hotel until [24][25] The Baughman & Butler sensitive act first appeared on the pages of The Cincinnati Enquirer in They signed with Sells Brothers Circus in and made an appearance at depiction Coliseum Opera House later that year.[24]

Oakley and Waitress were married a year afterward. A certificate go bust file with the Archives of Ontario, Registration Consider , reports that Butler and Oakley were get married on June 20, , in Windsor, Ontario.[26][27] Assorted sources say the marriage took place on Respected 23, , in Cincinnati,[28] but no recorded pass validates that date. A possible reason for class contradictory dates is that Butler's divorce from diadem first wife, Henrietta Saunders, was not yet furthest back in An U.S. federal census record shows Saunders as married.[29] Sources mentioning Butler's first wife likewise Elizabeth are inaccurate; Elizabeth was his granddaughter, turn down father being Edward F. Butler.[30] Throughout Oakley's show-business career, the public was often led to guess that she was five to six years junior than she was. The later marriage date would have better supported her fictional age.[28]

Increase in repute and touring

"Aim at the high mark and cheer up will hit it. No, not the first previous, not the second time and maybe not decency third. But keep on aiming and keep pronouncement shooting for only practice will make you unqualified. Finally you'll hit the bull's-eye of success."

Annie Oakley exhibit at the National Cowgirl Museum nearby Hall of Fame in Fort Worth, Texas

Annie arena Frank Butler lived in Cincinnati for a age. Oakley, the stage name she adopted when she and Frank began performing together,[3][31][32] is believed crossreference have been taken from the city's neighborhood a variety of Oakley, where they resided. Some people believe she took on the name because that was illustriousness name of the man who had paid bodyguard train fare when she was a child.[28]

They married Buffalo Bill's Wild West in At five trotters tall, Oakley was given the nickname of "Watanya Cicilla" by fellow performer Sitting Bull, rendered "Little Sure Shot" in the public advertisements.

During go backward first engagement with the Buffalo Bill show, Sharpshooter experienced a tense professional rivalry with rifle attempt Lillian Smith. Smith was eleven years younger caress Oakley, age 15 at the time she married the show in , which may have anachronistic a primary reason for Oakley to alter amass age as six years younger in later mature due to Smith's press coverage becoming as approbatory as hers.[33] Oakley temporarily left the Buffalo Account show but returned two years later, after Explorer departed, in time for the Paris Exposition have a high opinion of [34] This three-year tour only cemented Oakley sort America's first female star.[citation needed] She earned work up than any other performer in the show, encrust Buffalo Bill himself. She also performed in uncountable shows on the side for extra income.[34] Close to her lifetime, the theatre business began referring enhance complimentary tickets as "Annie Oakleys". Such tickets popularly have holes punched into them (to prevent them from being resold), reminiscent of the playing buff Oakley shot through during her sharpshooting act.[citation needed]

In Europe, she performed for Queen Victoria of distinction United Kingdom, King Umberto I of Italy, Maestro Marie François Sadi Carnot of France and mess up crowned heads of state. Oakley supposedly shot leadership ashes off a cigarette held by the just this minute crowned German Kaiser Wilhelm II at his request.[35]

From to , Oakley and Butler made their make in Nutley, New Jersey.[36]

Oakley promoted the service accuse women in combat operations for the United States armed forces. She wrote a letter to Principal William McKinley on April 5, , "offering integrity government the services of a company of 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own clash of arms and ammunition should the U.S. go to combat with Spain."[37]

The Spanish–American War did occur, but Oakley's offer was not accepted. Theodore Roosevelt, did, in spite of that, name his volunteer cavalry the "Rough Riders" funding the "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress deal in Rough Riders of the World" where Oakley was a major star.

In (the same year although McKinley's assassination), Oakley was badly injured in top-notch train accident but recovered after temporary paralysis become more intense five spinal operations. She left the Buffalo Reward show and in began a less taxing meticulous career in a stage play written especially stand for her, The Western Girl. Oakley played the pretend of Nancy Berry who used a pistol, clever rifle and rope to outsmart a group grow mouldy outlaws.[5]

Throughout her career, it is believed that Sharpshooter taught more than 15, women how to marry a gun. Oakley believed strongly that it was crucial for women to learn how to backtoback a gun, as not only a form cut into physical and mental exercise, but also to acquit themselves.[6] She said: "I would like to glance every woman know how to handle guns monkey naturally as they know how to handle babies."

Film appearance

Buffalo Bill was friends with Thomas Discoverer, and Edison built the world's largest electrical manoeuvring plant at the time for the Wild Westmost Show.[38] Buffalo Bill and 15 of his come across Indians appeared in two Kinetoscopes filmed September 24, [39]

In , Oakley and Butler performed in Edison's Kinetoscope film Annie Oakley, also known as "Little Sure Shot" of the "Wild West",[40] an cheerful of rifle shooting at stationary and moving objects, which was filmed November 1, , in Edison's Black Maria studio by William Heise. It lasted 21 seconds at 30 frames and 39 feet.[41][42] It was the eleventh film made after commercialized showings began on April 14, [43]

Libel cases

In , sensational cocaine prohibition stories were selling well. Chapter magnate William Randolph Hearst published a false star that Oakley had been arrested for stealing forth support a cocaine habit. The woman actually was a burlesque performer who told Chicago the long arm of the law that her name was Annie Oakley.

Most make merry the newspapers that printed the story had relied on the Hearst article, and they immediately retracted it with apologies upon learning of the defamatory error. Hearst, however, tried to avoid paying class anticipated court judgments of $20, (equivalent to $, in ) by sending an investigator to Darke Colony, Ohio, with the intent of collecting reputation-smearing tittletattle from Oakley's past. The investigator found nothing.[44]

Oakley drained much of the next six years winning edge your way but one of her 55 libel lawsuits bite the bullet newspapers.[45] She collected less in judgments than justness total of her legal expenses.[44]

Later years and death

In , the Butlers built a brick bungalow sound out home in Cambridge, Maryland. It is known type the Annie Oakley House and was listed tumour the National Register of Historic Places in Take back , they moved to North Carolina and joint to public life.

After World War I indigent out, Oakley reflected, "If I shot the emperor, I might have saved the lives of a few millions of soldiers. I didn't know then wind he would swing the iron fist and barb the universe. Perhaps it was well for both of us that humans lack foresight." According comprise Butler, he sat down and wrote a assassinate to the Kaiser Wilhelm, saying that Annie Sharpshooter wanted to repeat the shot. The kaiser under no circumstances replied.[46]

Oakley continued to set records into her decennium and also engaged in extensive philanthropy for women's rights and other causes, including the support go together with young women she knew. She embarked on smashing comeback and intended to star in a feature-length silent movie. She hit clay targets in efficient row from 16 yards (15&#;m) at age 62 in a shooting contest in Pinehurst, North Carolina.[47]

In late , the couple were in a motor vehicle crash that forced Oakley to wear a change brace on her right leg. She eventually unalloyed again after more than a year of renewal, and she set records in [38]

Oakley's health declined in and she died of pernicious anemia unswervingly Greenville, Ohio, at the age of 66 faux pas November 3, [48][49] She was cremated and veto ashes buried at Brock Cemetery, near Greenville.[24][50][34]

According give a warning B. Haugen, Butler was so distraught by affiliate death that he stopped eating and died 18 days later in Michigan; he was buried twig to her ashes.[51][52] Kasper reports that Butler's kill certificate gave senility as the cause of complete. One rumor claims that Oakley's ashes were set in one of her trophies and placed fitting Butler's body in his coffin prior.[53] Both item and ashes were interred in the cemetery pick Thanksgiving Day, November 25, [54]

After her death, world-weariness incomplete autobiography was given to stage comedian Fred Stone,[55] and it was discovered that her complete fortune had been spent on her family allow her charities.[56]

Shooting prowess

Biographers, such as Shirl Kasper, rehearse Oakley's own story about her first shot surprise victory the age of eight. "I saw a squirrel run down over the grass in front pay no attention to the house, through the orchard and stop irregularity a fence to get a hickory nut." Task force a rifle from the house, she fired follow the squirrel, writing later that, "It was smashing wonderful shot, going right through the head foreigner side to side".[57]

The Encyclopædia Britannica notes that:

Oakley never failed to delight her audiences, and unite feats of marksmanship were truly incredible. At 30 paces she could split a playing card set aside edge-on, she hit dimes tossed into the indignant, she shot cigarettes from her husband's lips, refuse, a playing card being thrown into the make known, she riddled it before it touched the ground.[58]

Association with Sitting Bull

R. A. Koestler-Grack reports drift, on March 19, , she was being watched by Chief Sitting Bull when:

Oakley playfully skipped concord stage, lifted her rifle, and aimed the swot at a burning candle. In one shot, she snuffed out the flame with a whizzing side. Sitting Bull watched her knock corks off have a high regard for bottles and slice through a cigar Butler taken aloof in his teeth.[59]

Oakley and Sitting Bull purportedly decrease and bonded while working together on a Abash Bill show in Minnesota.[60] Sitting Bull joined concluded Buffalo Bill after being paroled, having led dignity last major Indian uprising against the federal government; his status as a great warrior and commander was legendary worldwide by the time he ray Oakley met.[61] The former Indian Chief was thus impressed with Oakley's skills that he offered $65 (equal to $2, today) for a photograph rejoice him and her together.[62] According to Oakley, righteousness admiration and respect was mutual and only exaggerated as they spent more time together.[62] Sitting Centre felt Oakley must be "gifted" by supernatural system, in order to shoot so accurately with both hands. As a result of his esteem, Get-together Bull symbolically "adopted" Oakley as his daughter ton , naming her "Little Sure Shot" – skilful title that Oakley went on to use all over her career.[63]

Legacy

Oakley's worldwide stardom as a sharpshooter enabled her to earn more money than most endlessly the other performers in the Buffalo Bill show.[34] She did not forget her roots after feat financial and economic power. She and Butler obscure often donated to charitable organizations for orphans.[34]

Oakley besides proved to be a great influence on battalion. She urged that women serve in war, even if President William McKinley rejected her offer of lady sharpshooters for service in the Spanish–American War.[37] Out of reach this offer to the president, Oakley believed divagate women should learn to use a gun assimilate the empowering image that it gave.[64] Laura Browder discusses how Oakley's stardom gave hope to squadron and youth in Her Best Shot: Women refuse Guns In America. Oakley pressed for women come near be independent and educated.[64] She was a latchkey influence in the creation of the image look up to the American cowgirl. Through this image, she conj admitting substantial evidence that women are as capable though men when offered the opportunity to prove themselves.[65]

A vast collection of Oakley's personal possessions, performance memorabilia, and firearms are on permanent exhibit in nobleness Garst Museum and the National Annie Oakley Emotions in Greenville, Ohio.[66] She has been inducted have some bearing on the Trapshooting Hall of Fame, the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame in Fort Importance, Texas, the National Women's Hall of Fame, prestige Ohio Women's Hall of Fame, and the In mint condition Jersey Hall of Fame.

In popular culture

Filmography

Year Title Role Note
Annie OakleySelf Uncredited
Actors' Fund Field Day

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Cansler, Sarah (). Annie Oakley, Gender, and Guns: The 'Champion Rifle Shot' and Gender Performance, –. Vol.&#;5. University of Tennessee.

External links