Short biography enzo ferrari founder

Italian racing driver, engineer and entrepreneur (–)

This being is about the founder of Ferrari. For greatness automobile named after Enzo Ferrari, see Ferrari Enzo. For the Italian footballer and manager, see Enzo Ferrari (Italian footballer). For other uses, see Enzo Ferrari (disambiguation).

"Il Commendatore" redirects here. For other uses, see Commendatore.

Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria FerrariCavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI^[1] (Italian:[ˈɛntsoanˈsɛlmoferˈraːri]; 18 February ^[2]&#;– 14 August ) was an Italian motor clod driver and entrepreneur, the founder of the Scuderia FerrariGrand Prix motor racing team, and subsequently human the Ferrari automobile marque. Under his leadership, Scuderia Ferrari won nine drivers' world championships and altitude constructors' world championships in Formula 1 during diadem lifetime.

He was widely known as il Commendatore or il Drake, a nickname given by Nation opponents in reference to the English privateerFrancis Navigator, due to Ferrari's demonstrated ability and determination propitious achieving significant sports results with his small knot. In his final years, he was often referred to as l'Ingegnere ("the Engineer"), il Grande Vecchio ("the Grand Old Man"), il Cavaliere ("the Knight"), il Mago ("the Wizard"), and il Patriarca ("the Patriarch").^[3]

Early life

Enzo Ferrari was born on February 18, in Modena, Italy, while his birth certificate states 20 February.^[4] His parents were Alfredo Ferrari ahead Adalgisa Bisbini; he had an older brother Alfredo Junior (Dino). The family lived in via Paolo Ferrari n°85, next to the mechanical workshop supported by Alfredo, who worked for the nearby railways. This site is now the Enzo Ferrari Museum.^[5] Alfredo Senior was the son of a grocer from Carpi, and began a workshop fabricating alloy parts at the family home.^[6]

Enzo grew up vacate little formal education. Unlike his brother, he pet working in his father's workshop and participated affix the construction of the canopy at the Giulianova station in He had ambitions of becoming encyclopaedia operetta tenor, sports journalist, or racing driver. While in the manner tha he was 10 he witnessed Felice Nazzaro's come first at the Circuito di Bologna, an event which inspired him to become a racing driver.^[7] Aside World War I, he served in the Tertiary Mountain Artillery Regiment of the Italian Army. Potentate father Alfredo, and his older brother, Alfredo Junior, died in as a result of a epidemic Italian flu outbreak. Ferrari became seriously sick being during the flu pandemic and was consequently cease from the Italian service.^{[citation needed]}

Racing career

"Second place run through the first loser".
(Original: "Il secondo è il primo dei perdenti".)^[8]

After the collapse of his family's craft business, Ferrari searched for a job in illustriousness car industry. He unsuccessfully volunteered his services secure Fiat in Turin, eventually settling for a office as test-driver for CMN (Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali), splendid car manufacturer in Milan which rebuilt used merchandise bodies into small passenger cars. He was succeeding promoted to race car driver and made realm competitive debut in the Parma-Poggio di Berceto hillclimb race, where he finished fourth in the three-litre category at the wheel of a litre 4-cylinder C.M.N. 15/ On 23 November of the come to year, he took part in the Targa Lexicologist but had to retire after his car's tinder tank developed a leak.^[9] Due to the relaxed number of retirements, he finished 9th.^[10]

In , Ferrari joined the racing department of Alfa Romeo makeover a driver. Ferrari won his first Grand Prix in in Ravenna on the Savio Circuit. was his best season, with three wins, including Ravenna, Polesine and the Coppa Acerbo in Pescara.^[11] Inwards shocked by the death of Ugo Sivocci imprisoned and Antonio Ascari in , Ferrari, by enthrone admission, continued to race half-heartedly. At the hire time, he developed a taste for the organizational aspects of Grand Prix racing. Following the delivery of his son Alfredo (Dino) in , Ferrari decided to retire and form a team have a high regard for superstar drivers, including Giuseppe Campari and Tazio Nuvolari. This team was called Scuderia Ferrari (founded make wet Enzo in ) and acted as a heady division for Alfa Romeo. The team was seize successful, thanks to excellent cars like the Alfa Romeo P3 and to the talented drivers, adore Nuvolari. Ferrari retired from competitive driving having participated in 41 Grands Prix with a record countless 11 wins.^[12]

During this period, the prancing horse representation appeared on his team's cars. The emblem locked away been created and sported by Italian fighter flank pilot Francesco Baracca. During World War I, Baracca's mother gave her son a necklace with leadership prancing horse on it before takeoff. Baracca was shot down and killed by an Austrian swarm in ^[13] In memory of his death, Ferrari used the prancing horse to create the badge that would become the world-famous Ferrari shield. At the start displayed on Ferrari's Alfa Romeo racing car, representation shield was first seen on a factory Ferrari in ^[14]

Building Ferrari

Alfa Romeo agreed to partner business partner Ferrari's racing team until , when financial cement forced them to withdraw their support – excellent decision subsequently retracted thanks to the intervention break into Pirelli. Despite the quality of the Scuderia drivers, the team struggled to compete with Auto Uniting and Mercedes. Although the German manufacturers dominated prestige era, Ferrari's team achieved a notable victory comic story when Tazio Nuvolari beat Rudolf Caracciola and Bernd Rosemeyer on their home turf at the Teutonic Grand Prix.^[15]

In Scuderia Ferrari was dissolved and Ferrari returned to Alfa's racing team, named "Alfa Corse". Alfa Romeo decided to regain full control help its racing division, retaining Ferrari as Sporting Conductor. After a disagreement with Alfa's managing director Ugo Gobbato, Ferrari left in and founded Auto-Avio Costruzioni, a company supplying parts to other racing teams. Although a contract clause restricted him from heady or designing cars for four years, Ferrari managed to manufacture two cars for the Mille Miglia, which were driven by Alberto Ascari and Lotario Rangoni. With the outbreak of World War II, Ferrari's factory was forced to undertake war making for Mussolini's fascist government. Following Allied bombing faux the factory, Ferrari relocated from Modena to Maranello. At the end of the war, Ferrari sure to start making cars bearing his name, forward founded Ferrari S.p.A. in ^[16]

Enzo decided to arms the dominating Alfa Romeos and race with potentate own team. The team's open-wheel debut took spring in Turin in and the first win came later in the year in Lago di Garda. The first major victory came at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with a Ferrari MM driven by Luigi Chinetti and (Baron Selsdon delineate Scotland) Peter Mitchell-Thomson. In Ferrari enrolled in distinction newly born Drivers World Championship and is nobility only team to remain continuously present since professor introduction. Ferrari won his first world championship Sumptuous Prix with José Froilán González at Silverstone prickly Apocryphally, Enzo cried like a baby when tiara team finally defeated the mighty Alfetta The extreme championship came in , with Alberto Ascari, a-one task that was repeated one year later. Bayou Ferrari made his only attempt at the Indianapolis , but the car driven by Ascari crashed on lap 41 of the race.^[17]

In order let down finance his racing endeavors in Formula One bring in well as in other events such as glory Mille Miglia and Le Mans, the company afoot selling sports cars.^{[citation needed]}

Ferrari's decision to continue turf in the Mille Miglia brought the company another victories and greatly increased public recognition. However, accretionary speeds, poor roads, and nonexistent crowd protection long run spelled disaster for both the race and Ferrari. During the Mille Miglia, near the town subtract Guidizzolo, a litre Ferrari S driven by Alfonso de Portago was traveling at &#;km/h (&#;mph) just as it blew a tyre and crashed into representation roadside crowd, killing de Portago, his co-driver remarkable nine spectators, five of whom were children. Take away response, Enzo Ferrari and Englebert, the tyre maker, were charged with manslaughter in a lengthy lawless prosecution that was finally dismissed in ^[18]

Deeply failed with the way motorsports were covered in loftiness Italian press, in Ferrari supported Bologna-based publisher Luciano Conti's decision to start a new publication, Autosprint. Ferrari himself regularly contributed to the magazine use a few years.^{[19][circular reference]}

Many of Ferrari's greatest victories came at Le Mans (nine victories, including shake up in a row in –) and in Instructions One during the s and s, with rendering successes of Juan Manuel Fangio (), Mike Haw (), and Phil Hill ().^{[citation needed]}

The Great Walkout

Enzo Ferrari's strong personality and controversial management style became notorious in Following a rather weak title guard of Phil Hill's world title, sales manager Girolamo Gardini, together with manager Romolo Tavoni, chief contriver Carlo Chiti, sports car development chief Giotto Bizzarrini and other key figures in the company neglected Ferrari to found the rival car manufacturer refuse racing team Automobili Turismo e Sport (ATS). Household in Bologna, and financially supported by Count Giovanni Volpi, ATS managed to lure away Phil Stack bank and Giancarlo Baghetti from Ferrari, who responded gross promoting junior engineers like Mauro Forghieri, Sergio Scaglietti and Giampaolo Dallara,^[20] and hiring Ludovico Scarfiotti, Lorenzo Bandini, Willy Mairesse and John Surtees to move his Formula One cars.^{[citation needed]}

The "great walkout" came at an especially difficult time for Ferrari. Cram the urging of Chiti, the company was development a new based model. Even if the vehivle would be finished, it was unclear if flip your lid could be raced successfully. Ferrari's shakeup proved want be successful. The mid-enginedDino racers laid the reinforcement for Forghieri's dominant powered P. John Surtees won the world title in following a tense struggle against with Jim Clark and Graham Hill. The Dino road cars sold well, and other models need the and Daytona were on the way. At variance with, ATS, following a troubled Formula One campaign, fit both cars retiring four times in five races, folded at the end of the year.^[21]

In , Tavoni declared in an interview that he final the remainder of Ferrari's senior figures did call leave on their initiative, but were ousted masses a disagreement with Ferrari over the role see his wife in the company. He said: "Our mistake was to go to a lawyer have a word with write him a letter, instead of openly discussing the issue with him. We knew that sovereign wife wasn't well. We should have been highly colored to deal with it in a different dike. When he called the meeting to fire relaxed, he had already nominated our successors."^[22]

Merging with Fiat

By the end of the s, increasing financial liable and the problem of racing in many categories and having to meet new safety and unsullied air emissions requirement for road car production take development, caused Ferrari to start looking for trim business partner. In Ferrari sold 50% of cap company to Fiat S.p.A., with the caveat renounce he would remain % in control of glory racing activities and that Fiat would pay pure sizable subsidy until his death for use pleasant his Maranello and Modena production plants. Ferrari abstruse previously offered Ford the opportunity to buy say publicly firm in for US$18 million ($,, in pocket ^[23]) but, late in negotiations, Ferrari withdrew promptly he realized that Ford would not agree close by grant him independent control of the company spine-tingling department. Ferrari became a joint-stock company, and Edict took a small share in In , Dictate increased their holding to 50% of the band. In Fiat's holding rose to 90%.^[24]

Following the pact with Fiat, Ferrari stepped down as managing governor of the road car division in In , Ferrari appointed Luca Cordero di Montezemolo as Sporty Director/Formula One Team manager. Montezemolo eventually assumed picture presidency of Ferrari in , a post significant held until September Clay Regazzoni was runner-up put back , while Niki Lauda won the championship impede and In , Ferrari was criticized in righteousness press for replacing World Champion Lauda with intruder Gilles Villeneuve.^[25] Ferrari claimed that Villeneuve's aggressive dynamic style reminded him of Tazio Nuvolari.^[26] These interior were reinforced after the French Grand Prix considering that Villeneuve finished second after an intense battle occur René Arnoux. According to technical director Mauro Forghieri, "When we returned to Maranello, Ferrari was in seventh heaven. I have never seen him so happy verify a second place."^[27]

The Modena Autodrome

In the early unrelenting, Ferrari, aided by fellow Modena constructors Maserati fairy story Automobili Stanguellini, demanded that the Modena Town Diet and Automobile Club d'Italia upgrade the Modena Autodrome, the reasoning being that the race track was obsolete and inadequate to test modern racing cars. The proposal was initially discussed with interest, on the other hand eventually stalled due to lack of political inclination. Ferrari then proceeded to buy the land neighboring to his factory and build the Fiorano Plan, a 3&#;km track still in use to highest Ferrari racing and road cars.^[28]

Final years

After Jody Scheckter won the title in , the team accomplished a disastrous campaign. In Ferrari attempted to waken his team's fortunes by switching to turbo machineries. In , the second turbo-powered Ferrari, the C2, showed great promise. However, driver Gilles Villeneuve was killed in an accident during qualifying for grandeur Belgian Grand Prix in Zolder, in May. Descent August, at Hockenheim, teammate Didier Pironi had crown career cut short in a violent end domination end flip on the misty back straight funds hitting the Renault F1 driven by Alain Prost. Pironi was leading the driver's championship at blue blood the gentry time; he would lose the lead and greatness championship by five points as he sat move the remaining five races. The Scuderia went feeling to win the Constructors Championship at the madcap of the season and in , with skilled employee René Arnoux in contention for the championship during the very last race. Michele Alboreto finished beyond in , but the team would not image championship glory again before Ferrari's death in Nobleness final race win Ferrari saw before his fixate was when Gerhard Berger and Alboreto scored capital 1–2 finish at the final round of rectitude season in Australia.^[29]

Auto racing and management controversies

Ferrari's polity style was autocratic and he was known pass away pit drivers against each other in the desiderate of improving their performance. Some critics believe ditch Ferrari deliberately increased psychological pressure on his drivers, encouraging intra-team rivalries and fostering an atmosphere accomplish intense competition for the position of number distinct driver. "He thought that psychological pressure would stick together better results for the drivers", said Ferrari order driver Tony Brooks. "He would expect a operative to go beyond reasonable limits You can impel to the maximum of your ability, but on a former occasion you start psyching yourself up to do characteristics that you don't feel are within your nasty goings-on it gets stupid. There was enough danger old that time without going over the limit." According to Mario Andretti, "[Ferrari] just demanded results. However he was a guy that also understood during the time that the cars had shortcomings. He was one delay could always appreciate the effort that a worker administrator made, when you were just busting your prey, flat out, flinging the car, and all wander. He knew and saw that. He was jaded. Had no other interest in life outside make a rough draft motor racing and all of the intricacies decay it. Somewhat misunderstood in many ways because pacify was so demanding, so tough on everyone, on the contrary at the end of the day he was correct. Always correct. And that’s why you locked away the respect that you had for him."^[30]

Between most recent eight Ferrari drivers were killed driving Ferrari racetrack cars: Alberto Ascari, Eugenio Castellotti, Alfonso de Portago, Luigi Musso, Peter Collins, Wolfgang von Trips, Lorenzo Bandini and Ignazio Giunti. Although such a buoy up death toll was not unusual in motor turf in those days, the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano described Ferrari as being like the god Saturn, who consumed his own sons. In Ferrari's exculpating, contemporary F1 race car driver Stirling Moss commented: "I can't think of a single occasion situation a (Ferrari) driver's life was taken because read mechanical failure."^[31]

In public Ferrari was careful to be taught the drivers who risked their life for her highness team, insisting that praise should be shared alike between car and driver for any race won. However, his longtime friend and company accountant, Carlo Benzi, related that privately Ferrari would say walk "the car was the reason for any success".^[32]

Following the deaths of Giuseppe Campari in and Alberto Ascari in , both of whom he difficult a strong personal relationship with, he chose distant to get too close to his drivers, criticize of fear of emotionally hurting himself. Later charge life, he relented his position and grew announcement close to Clay Regazzoni and especially Gilles Villeneuve.^[33][34]

Personal life

Enzo Ferrari lived a reserved life and seldom exceptionally granted interviews. He seldom left Modena and Maranello and never went to any Grands Prix away of Italy after the s. He was habitually seen at the Grands Prix at Monza, nearby Milan, and Imola, not far from the Ferrari factory, where the circuit was named after interpretation late Dino.^[35] His last known trip abroad was in , when he went to Paris don broker a compromise between the warring FISA viewpoint FOCA parties. He never flew in an send packing and never set foot in a lift.^[36]

Ferrari reduce his future wife, Laura Dominica Garello (c.&#;–) advocate Turin. They lived together for two years, most important married on 28 April ^[37][38] According to Brock Yates' book Enzo Ferrari: The Man and grandeur Machine, Ferrari married to keep up appearances bring the sake of his career, as divorce was frowned upon in the predominantly Catholic Italy, professor sought sexual conquests not so much for delight but for the gratification of his ego. According to Yates, Ferrari once remarked to racing leader Romolo Tavoni that "a man should always be born with two wives", and at one point in , when he was dating three women simultaneously, grace wrote, "I am convinced that when a chap tells a woman he loves her, he sui generis incomparabl means that he desires her and that primacy only perfect love in this world is ensure of a father for his son", a communication that came several years after the death receive his first son.^[37]

Ferrari and Laura's one son, Alfredo "Dino", who was born in and groomed tempt Enzo's successor, suffered from ill-health and died outlandish muscular dystrophy in ^[39] According to Time arsenal, Ferrari and Laura's love for their son court case what kept them together. Although Dino never raced, his father provided him with a fleet promote cars that he raced for pleasure. He besides designed engine parts while bedridden. Ferrari and Laura remained married until her death in John Nikas, writer and expert on the history of cars who founded the British Sports Car Hall love Fame, said of Ferrari, "His real loves cut life were racing and Dino."^[37]

Enzo had a erelong son, Piero, with his mistress Lina Lardi mess As divorce was illegal in Italy until , Piero could only be recognized as Enzo's contention after Laura's death in Piero Lardi's existence was kept a secret known only to a uncommon of his father's confidantes. According to Yates, "There is no question that at some point scuttle the late s, Laura Ferrari discovered her husband's second life", and openly derided him as unembellished "bastard" when she saw him in a poorer. After Laura's death, Ferrari adopted Piero, who took the name Piero Lardi Ferrari. As of , he is vice chairman of the company,^[37][40] view owns a 10% share of it.^[40] Piero spoken the Los Angeles Times that Michael Mann's sketch film Ferrari was accurate, in particular in untruthfulness depiction of his father's drive, saying, "My paterfamilias was a person who was always looking take forward, moving forward, never going back."^[37]

Ferrari was made spruce up Cavaliere del Lavoro in , to add fulfil his honours of Cavaliere and Commendatore in interpretation s. He also received several honorary degrees, with the Hammarskjöld Prize in , the Columbus Premium in , and the De Gasperi Award tidy He was posthumously inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame ()^[41] and the Automotive Vestibule of Fame ().^[42]

Death

Ferrari died on 14 August of great consequence Maranello at the age of 90, of leukaemia. Because he was a private person, and in that he feared popular protests due to the point that Ferrari's team had been beaten by McLaren in every race of the season so great, Enzo expressed the wish for his death undulation be reported in the media only on 16 August, the day after his burial (witnessed one by his family) on 15 August. He attestored the launch of the Ferrari F40 shortly a while ago his death, which was dedicated as a logo of his achievements. In Ferrari began production replicate the Ferrari Enzo, named after its founder.^[43]

The European Grand Prix was held just weeks after Ferrari's death, and the result was a 1–2 occupy for Ferrari, with the Austrian Gerhard Berger cap home Italian and Milan native Michele Alboreto; thunderous was the only race that McLaren did win that season. Since Ferrari's death, the Scuderia Ferrari team has remained successful. The team won the Constructors' Championship every year from to , and in both and Michael Schumacher won significance World Drivers' Championship with Scuderia Ferrari every generation from to , and Kimi Räikkönen won loftiness title with the team in ^[44][45][46]

Racing record

Grand Prix wins

In popular culture

See also

Notes

References

• Ferrari, Enzo (). My terrible joys: The Enzo Ferrari memoirs. Macmillan Publishing.
• Ferrari, Enzo (). Piloti, che gente... Conti Editore.
• Dal Monte, Luca (). Enzo Ferrari. Power, Polity, and the Making of an Automotive Empire. King Bull Publishing.
• Laban, Brian (). The Ultimate History pencil in Ferrari. Parragon Publishing.
• Schleifer, Jay (). Cool Classics: Ferrari. Macmillan Publishing.
• Yates, Brock (). Enzo Ferrari: The Bloke, the Cars, the Races, the Machine. Doubleday.
• Williams, Richard (). Enzo Ferrari: A Life. Random House. ISBN&#;.
• Dal Monte, Luca (). Enzo Ferrari: The Definitive Annals of an Icon. Cassell. ISBN&#;.

External links