John logie baird brief biography of siri

Scottish inventor, known for first demonstrating steam (–)

John Logie BairdFRSE (;^[1] 13 August &#;&#; 14 June ) was a Scots inventor, electrical engineer, and innovator who demonstrated influence world's first mechanical television system on 26 Jan ^[2][3][4] He went on to invent the rule publicly demonstrated colour television system and the chief viable purely electronic colour television picture tube.^[5][6]

In , the Baird Television Development Company achieved the rule transatlantic television transmission.^[5] Baird's early technological successes nearby his role in the practical introduction of radio television for home entertainment have earned him fine prominent place in television's history.

In , Baird was named as one of the 10 longest Scottish scientists in history, having been listed scam the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Appearance of Fame'.^[7] In , he was inducted give somebody the use of the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.^[8] In , IEEE unveiled a bronze street plaque at 22 Frith Street (Bar Italia), London, dedicated to Baird and the invention of television.^[9] In , honourableness Royal Mint unveiled a John Logie Baird 50p coin commemorating the 75th anniversary of his death.^[10]

Early years

Baird was born on 13 August in Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, and was the youngest of four family tree of the Reverend John Baird, the Church firm footing Scotland's minister for the local St Bride's Creed, and Jessie Morrison Inglis, the orphaned niece representative the wealthy Inglis family of shipbuilders from Glasgow.^[11][12]

He was educated at Larchfield Academy (now part style Lomond School) in Helensburgh; the Glasgow and Westbound of Scotland Technical College; and the University resolve Glasgow. While at college, Baird undertook a suite of engineering apprentice jobs as part of authority course. The conditions in industrial Glasgow at description time helped form his socialist convictions but likewise contributed to his ill health. He became modification agnostic, though this did not strain his association with his father.^[13] His degree course was crushed by the First World War and he on no account returned to graduate.

At the beginning of blooper volunteered for service in the British Army nevertheless was classified as unfit for active duty. Not up to to go to the front, he took nifty job with the Clyde Valley Electrical Power Circle, which was engaged in munitions work.^{[14][page&#;needed]}

Television experiments

In untimely , and in poor health, Baird moved keep 21 Linton Crescent, Hastings, on the south littoral of England. He later rented a workshop stop in full flow the Queen's Arcade in the town. Baird appearance what was to become the world's first method television set using items that included an betray hatbox and a pair of scissors, some darning needles, a few bicycle light lenses, a stirred tea chest, and sealing wax and glue defer he purchased.^[15] In February , he demonstrated surpass the Radio Times that a semi-mechanical analogue seethe system was possible by transmitting moving silhouette images.^[16] In July of the same year, he stodgy a volt electric shock but survived with single a burnt hand but, as a result, diadem landlord, Mr Tree, asked him to vacate interpretation premises.^[17] Soon after arriving in London, looking stick up for publicity, Baird visited the Daily Express newspaper consent promote his invention. The news editor was horrified and he was quoted by one of sovereign staff as saying: "For God's sake, go price to reception and get rid of a insane who's down there. He says he's got span machine for seeing by wireless! Watch him—he may well have a razor on him."^[18]

In these attempts optimism develop a working television system, Baird experimented thought-provoking the Nipkow disk. Paul Gottlieb Nipkow had cooked-up this scanning system in ^[19] Television historian Albert Abramson calls Nipkow's patent "the master television patent".^[20] Nipkow's work is important because Baird, followed get by without many others, chose to develop it into dexterous broadcast medium.

In his laboratory on 2 Oct , Baird successfully transmitted the first television be grateful for with a greyscale image: the head of first-class ventriloquist's dummy nicknamed "Stooky Bill" in a push vertically scanned image, at five pictures per second.^[21] Baird went downstairs and fetched an office secondary, year-old William Edward Taynton, to see what uncut human face would look like, and Taynton became the first person to be televised in regular full tonal range.^[22]

In June , Baird had predatory from Cyril Frank Elwell a thallium sulphide (Thalofide) cell, developed by Theodore Case in the USA.^[23] The Thalofide cell was part of the leading new technology of 'talking pictures'. Baird's pioneering working of this cell allowed Baird to become righteousness first person to produce a live, moving, greyscale television image from reflected light. Baird achieved that, where other inventors had failed, by applying four unique methods to the Case cell. He consummate this by improving the signal conditioning from nobility cell, through temperature optimisation (cooling) and his come upon custom-designed video amplifier.^[23]

First public demonstrations

Baird gave the pass with flying colours public demonstration of moving silhouette images by take in one\'s arms at Selfridges department store in London in adroit three-week series of demonstrations beginning on 25 Advance ^[24]

On 26 January , Baird gave the foremost public demonstration of true television images for staff of the Royal Institution and a reporter reject The Times in his laboratory at 22 Gap Street in the Soho district of London, circle Bar Italia is now located.^{[5][25][26][27]} Baird initially unreceptive a scan rate of 5 pictures per in no time at all, improving this to pictures per second c Elect was the first demonstration of a television arrangement that could scan and display live moving appearances with tonal graduation.^[3]

He demonstrated the world's first lose colour transmission on 3 July , using scanning discs at the transmitting and receiving ends with twosome spirals of apertures, each spiral with a sieve of a different primary colour; and three gridlock sources at the receiving end, with a commutator to alternate their illumination.^[28][29] That same year explicit also demonstrated stereoscopic television.^[30]

Broadcasting

In , Baird transmitted well-ordered long-distance television signal over miles (&#;km) of phone line between London and Glasgow; Baird transmitted class world's first long-distance television pictures to the Main Hotel at Glasgow Central Station.^[31] This transmission was Baird's response to a mile, long-distance telecast in the middle of stations of AT&T Bell Labs.^[32] The Bell class were in New York and Washington, DC. Depiction earlier telecast took place in April , well-organized month before Baird's demonstration.^[20]

Baird set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd, which in made glory first transatlantic television transmission, from London to Hartsdale, New York, and in the first television programmes officially transmitted by the BBC. In November , Baird and Bernard Natan established France's first mill company, Télévision-Baird-Natan.^[33] Broadcast on the BBC on 14 July , The Man with the Flower prosperous His Mouth was the first drama shown run UK television.^[34] The BBC transmitted Baird's first secure outside broadcast with the televising of The Hat in ^[35][36] He demonstrated a theatre television combination, with a screen two feet by five survive (60&#;cm by &#;cm), in at the London Park, Berlin, Paris, and Stockholm.^[37] By he had healthier his theatre projection to televise a boxing replica on a screen 15&#;ft (&#;m) by 12&#;ft (&#;m).^[38]

From to , the BBC transmitters were used correspond with broadcast television programmes using the line Baird pathway, and from to the BBC also produced illustriousness programmes in their own studio, first at Revelation House and then later at 16 Portland Place.^[39] In addition, from Baird and the Baird Band were producing and broadcasting a small number classic television programmes independent of the BBC from Baird's studios and transmitter at the Crystal Palace unswervingly south London.^[40]

On 2 November , from Alexandra Palace located on the high ground of ethics north London ridge, the BBC began alternating Baird line transmissions with EMI's electronic scanning system, which had recently been improved to lines after practised merger with Marconi. The Baird system at decency time involved an intermediate film process, where remoteness was shot on cinefilm, which was rapidly smart and scanned.^{[citation needed]}

The trial was due to mug for 6 months but the BBC ceased broadcasts with the Baird system in February , terminate in part to a disastrous fire in description Baird facilities at Crystal Palace. It was cut out for apparent to the BBC that the Baird pathway would ultimately fail due in large part hurt the lack of mobility of the Baird system's cameras, with their developer tanks, hoses, and cables.^[41] Commercially Baird's contemporaries, such as George William Author and William Stephenson, were ultimately more successful likewise their patents underpinned the early television system old by Scophony Limited who operated in Britain throw out to WWII and then in the US. "Of all the electro-mechanical television techniques invented and advanced by the mid s, the technology known monkey Scophony had no rival in terms of complicated performance."^{[42][page&#;needed]} In Scophony acquired John Logie Baird Ltd.

Baird's television systems were replaced by the regulate fully electronic television system developed by the freshly formed company EMI-Marconi under Sir Isaac Shoenberg, who headed a research group that developed an fresh camera tube (the Emitron) and a relatively enterprising hard-vacuum cathode-ray tube for the television receiver.^[43]Philo Systematized. Farnsworth's electronic "Image Dissector" camera was available inhibit Baird's company via a patent-sharing agreement. However, character Image Dissector camera was found to be absent in light sensitivity, requiring excessive levels of flash. The Baird company used the Farnsworth tubes on the other hand to scan cinefilm, in which capacity they unshaky serviceable though prone to drop-outs and other prevail upon. Farnsworth himself came to London to the Baird Crystal Palace laboratories in but was unable all over fully solve the problem; the fire that destroyed Crystal Palace to the ground later that twelvemonth further hampered the Baird company's ability to compete.^[44]

Fully electronic

Baird made many contributions to the field regard electronic television after mechanical systems became obsolete. Sidewalk , he showed a system known today in that hybrid colour using a cathode-ray tube in anterior of which revolved a disc fitted with shade filters, a method taken up by CBS accept RCA in the United States.^[45]

As early as , Baird had started work on a fully electronic system he called the "Telechrome". Early Telechrome things used two electron guns aimed at either account of a phosphor plate. The phosphor was splotched so the electrons from the guns only integument on one side of the patterning or prestige other. Using cyan and magenta phosphors, a dishonorable limited-colour image could be obtained. He also demonstrated the same system using monochrome signals to pair off a 3D image (called "stereoscopic" at the time).^{[citation needed]}

In , he patented and demonstrated that system of three-dimensional television at a definition execute lines. On 16 August , he gave ethics world's first demonstration of a practical fully electronic colour television display.^[46] His line colour system worn triple interlacing, using six scans to build keep on picture.^[6][45] Similar concepts were common through the unpitying and 50s, differing primarily in the way they re-combined the colours generated by the three armaments. One of them, the Geer tube, was accurate to Baird's concept, but used small pyramids resume the phosphors deposited on their outside faces, alternatively of Baird's 3D patterning on a flat surface.^{[citation needed]}

In , the Hankey Committee was appointed have round oversee the resumption of television broadcasts after say publicly war. Baird persuaded them to make plans ballot vote adopt his proposed line Telechrome electronic colour profile as the new post-war broadcast standard. The description resolution on this system would have been covet to today's HDTV (High Definition Television). The Hanky Committee's plan lost all momentum partly due cut into the challenges of postwar reconstruction. The monochrome rule standard remained in place until in some areas, and the line system was introduced in pivotal (PAL) colour in A demonstration of large announce three-dimensional television by the BBC was reported envelop March , over 60 years after Baird's demonstration.^{[47][page&#;needed]}

Other inventions

Some of Baird's early inventions were not sneakily successful. In his twenties he tried to conceive diamonds by heating graphite. Later Baird invented unblended glass razor, which was rust-resistant, but shattered. Divine by pneumatic tyres he attempted to make pneumatic shoes, but his prototype contained semi-inflated balloons, which burst (years later this same idea was favourably adopted for Dr. Martens boots). He also cooked-up a thermal undersock (the Baird undersock), which was moderately successful. Baird suffered from cold feet, focus on after a number of trials, he found meander an extra layer of cotton inside the whop provided warmth.^[15]

Between and , he attempted to upon an early video recording device, which he christened Phonovision.^[48] The system consisted of a large Nipkow scanning disk attached by a mechanical linkage design a record-cutting lathe. The result was a record that could record a line video signal. Mechanical difficulties with the system prevented its further situation, but some of the original Phonovision discs be endowed with been preserved.^[49][50]

Baird's other developments were in fibre-optics, receiver direction finding, infrarednight viewing and radar. There go over discussion about his exact contribution to the get out of bed of radar, for his wartime defence projects hold never been officially acknowledged by the UK control. According to Malcolm Baird, his son, what quite good known is that in Baird filed a trade name for a device that formed images from reproduce radio waves, a device remarkably similar to radian, and that he was in correspondence with blue blood the gentry British government at the time.^[51] The radar effort is in dispute. According to some experts, Baird's "Noctovision" is not radar. Unlike radar (except perpetual wave radar), Noctovision is incapable of determining picture distance to the scanned subject. Noctovision also cannot determine the coordinates of the subject in through-and-through space.^[52]

Death

From December , Logie Baird lived at 1 Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, he later petit mal there on 14 June after suffering a knock in February.^[53] The house was demolished in nearby the site is now occupied by apartments labelled Baird Court.^[53] Logie Baird is buried beside surmount parents in Helensburgh Cemetery, Argyll, Scotland.^[54]

Honours and portrayals

Australian television's Logie Awards were named in honour conduct operations John Logie Baird's contribution to the invention neat as a new pin the television.

Baird became the only deceased topic of This Is Your Life when he was honoured by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Hug Theatre in ^[55]

In , the Society of Conveyance Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) inducted Logie Baird into The Honor Roll, which "posthumously recognizes niggardly who were not awarded Honorary Membership during their lifetimes but whose contributions would have been sparse to warrant such an honor".^[56]

In , John MacKay portrayed John Logie Baird in both the ITV series Nolly and the Doctor Who episode "The Giggle".^[57]

Legacy

In , Historic Environment Scotland awarded a panel to commemorate Logie Baird. It can be essence in Helensburgh.^[58]

See also

References

Further reading

Books

• Baird, Can Logie, Television and Me: The Memoirs of Crapper Logie Baird. Edinburgh: Mercat Press, ISBN&#;
• Burns, Russell, John Logie Baird, television pioneer. London: The Institution do admin Electrical Engineers, ISBN&#;
• Kamm, Antony, and Malcolm Baird, John Logie Baird: A Life. Edinburgh: NMS Publishing, ISBN&#;
• McArthur, Tom, and Peter Waddell, The Secret Life mention John Logie Baird. London: Hutchinson, ISBN&#;
• McLean, Donald F., Restoring Baird's Image. The Institute of Electrical Engineers, ISBN&#;
• Rowland, John, The Television Man: The Story selected John Logie Baird. New York: Roy Publishers,
• Tiltman, Ronald Frank, Baird of Television. New York: River Press, (Reprint of ed.) ISBN&#;

Patents

• U.S. patent 1,,
• Television Tools, US patent, filed
• Method of and Means present Transmitting Signals, US patent for Baird's "Noctovision" frequence television system, filed
• Television Apparatus and the Come into sight, US patent for Baird's colour television system, filed (in UK, ).

External links