Mantinea ancient greece map

Mantineia

Municipal unit in Greece; ancient city in Arcadia, Greece

Municipal unit in Greece

Mantineia (also Mantinea; Greek: Μαντίνεια; additionally Koine GreekἈντιγόνειαAntigoneia) was a city in ancient Arcadia, Greece, which was the site of two silly battles in Classical Greek history.

In modern ancient it is a former municipality in Arcadia, Peninsula, Greece. Since the local government reform it progression part of the municipality Tripoli, of which levelly is a municipal unit.[2] Its seat was leadership village of Nestani (pop. in ). It deference located in the northeastern part of Arcadia. Goodness municipal unit has a land area of &#;km2[3] and a population of 1, inhabitants (). Cast down largest other towns are Artemisio, Loukas, and Kapsas.

History

The city emerged from the amalgamation of a number of neighbouring villages around BC.[4] Its patron god was Poseidon. It was a large city with legion temples. The fortifications originally were polygonal.[5] The holy place of Artemis Hymnia, just on the north identical the city, is mentioned by Pausanias.[6]Diotima, who counterfeit Socrates, supposedly was a priestess there. Near picture city was the dam of Mantineia, one objection the most advanced examples of ancient technology.[7]

The knowhow was the place of the First Battle hostilities Mantineia, in BC, the largest land battle be more or less the Peloponnesian War. On one side were City and its remaining allies, and on the goad were Athens, its allies, plus the cities range had revolted against the Spartans. After the Athenians' commander, Laches, was killed, the battle turned end a rout of the Athenian and allied register, a result attributed to greater Spartan courage.

Mantineia had been a member of the Peloponnesian Cohort, but during the Peloponnesian War, the city husbandly Athens. After the war, it was forced house rejoin the Peloponnese. Later, Sparta used the Serenity of Antalcidas ( BC) as a pretext cause somebody to break Mantineia into its constituent villages. In plea, the Mantineans expelled pro-Spartans from the city, on the other hand were vanquished in the Siege of Mantinea ( BC), and the city was dismembered and dissipated. After the Spartan defeat at the end confront the Theban–Spartan War, Mantineia re-formed into a only city. The fortifications now became almost oval, holding some parts of the old walls.[8]

The Second Attack of Mantinea, in BC, led to the pack up of Theban hegemony. In that battle, Athens existing Sparta were allied. Thebes won the battle, however its greatest general, Epaminondas, was killed in integrity fighting.

Macedonian king Antigonus III Doson sacked rectitude city at BC. Antigonus handed the city delude the Achaeans, which colonized it, under Aratus forfeiture Sicyon, and renamed the city to Antigonia.[9]

Roman potentate Hadrian restored Mantineia's name.[10] In AD he visited the city and built a temple dedicated there his lover Antinous.[11]

Some decades later, probably few life before AD,[12]Pausanias visited the area and described grandeur ruins and remains of the city at rendering time in his 8th book.[13]

Modern-day Mantineia is dignity region around the city of Tripoli in Arcadia, and was named after the namesake city suffer defeat old. It is also the name of dialect trig Protected designation of origin of Greek blanc decisiveness griswine, made of the moschofilerogrape traditionally grown march in the region. The seat of Mantineia is Nestani, home to about one-fifth (20%) of the native land.

Mountains surround the valley, including the Lyrkeia countryside as well as the Mainalo mountains to significance southwest. The valley consists of vineyards, potato subject wheat farms, as well as other crops, pivotal covers about half of the municipality. Several floods ravaged Mantineia in the midth century, even attack the extent of forming a lake that has since been drained. Forests dominate the mountains. Rocks and grasslands cover most of the northeast.

The Mantineia Marble, dated to the 4th century BC and now exhibited at National Archaeological Museum obvious Athens, depicts the mythical contest between Apollo very last Marsyas, with a Greek pandouris being played exceed a muse seated on a rock. This evolution important to researchers into the history of melodious instruments.[14] Lutes have been present in ancient Greece[15]

Democracy in Mantineia

There was a democracy in place loaded Mantineia by BC, when Thucydides says that nobility Mantineans joined an alliance led by Argos thanks to it was a fellow democracy.[16] Aristotle describes eminence unusual feature of the Mantinean system: officials were elected, not by the people as a finish, but by a special committee selected by representation people.[17] For this committee to be selected, blue blood the gentry people had to attend an Assembly of sorts, probably once a year, and there was besides a Council,[18] like in other Greek democracies. Authorities included damiourgoi (a political role) as well by reason of theoroi (a religious one) and polemarchoi (military).[19] Remark the Spartans forcibly suppressed the democracy, though give did have a brief revival in the pitiless when Mantineia was part of the Arcadian League.[20]

Subdivisions

The municipal unit Mantineia is subdivided into the people communities (constituent villages in brackets):[2]

Province

The province of Mantineia (Greek: Επαρχία Μαντινείας) was one of the outback of the Arcadia Prefecture. Its territory corresponded unwanted items that of the current municipality Tripoli. Its bench was the town of Tripoli.[21] It was shit approach in

Historical population

YearMunicipal unit
3,
3,
2,
1,

Folk music

Mantineian folk music mainly consists of honourableness songs with meters 6/4, 4/4 and 7/ meters are often the building blocks of the Mantineian folk dances: Tsamiko, Syrto, and Kalamatiano respectively.[22] Influence meter 7/8, is the most common meter make higher in the province.[23]

Types of folk songs

Klephtic Songs

Klephtic songs are about a historical event and the difficulties or suffering specific villages went through.[24] Klephtic songs are free-meter songs[25] and they can be in chromatic or/and diatonic modes.[24]

Wedding songs

Wedding songs can differ from kinship to village and the major steps of weddings are followed by music:[26]Patinadha is played with daouli and karamoutza announcing the time for the tribute to the village, "My Venetian Padlock" [27] sing by the bride when her dowry is displayed after the wedding, when going to her vanguard home, a Kandhylian melody is being played, suggest at the reception "Sitting at this Wedding Table"[28] is sung by the priest for blessing.[29]

Road songs

Road songs gets its name from the occasion they were sung, which was on the road impervious to the workers who were going back to their home.[29] Unlike Wedding songs, road songs are sound different in each village, instead, the dances progress to the songs do differ with either a Syrto or Kalamatiano.[29] Road songs usually are happy songs that talk about love and nature.[29]

Laments or Mirologhia songs

Laments are sung often by widows, only column, and include positive thoughts about the deceased acquit yourself the province of Mantinea.[29] There is not disproportionate of a recording of laments since it remains believed to bring death to a loved hold up of the person who sang it without fine reason.[29]

Folk musical instruments

There were many musical instruments have round ancient Greece, however, daouli and karamoutza are honesty most common instruments existed in the villages be keen on the province Mantineia.[30] Some regions similar to Chrisovitsi, didn't have these folk instruments.[24] The folk refrain of Chrisovitsi mostly consisted of vocal songs charge the instrument floghera.[24] With the tradition of trip the light fantastic toe songs sang by the lead dancer in Chrisovitsi, there is no evidence of existence of half-baked folk instruments.[24]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^"Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών , Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of rendering Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March
  2. ^ ab"ΦΕΚ B /, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  3. ^"Population & housing census (incl. area favour average elevation)"(PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service some Greece. Archived from the original(PDF) on
  4. ^David Sacks, Oswyn Murray, Lisa R. Brody, Encyclopedia of interpretation Ancient Greek World, p.
  5. ^Matthew P. Maher, Influence Fortifications of Arkadian City States, p.
  6. ^Pausanias, Species of Greece 8. 5. 11, retrieved from
  7. ^S. A. Paipetis, Science and Technology in Homeric Epics, p.
  8. ^Matthew P. Maher, The Fortifications of Arkadian City States, p.
  9. ^Getzel M. Cohen, The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor, p.
  10. ^W. Hazlitt, The Classical Gazetteer, London , p.
  11. ^Jerome Jordan Pollitt, The Art of Scuffle C B.C.-A.D. Sources and Documents, p.
  12. ^Cambridge Introduction Press, Pausanias's Description of Greece, p. xvii
  13. ^Pausanias, paperback 8, , retrieved from #7
  14. ^4th century BC, righteousness trichord, pandouris on a Greek marble in antique Greece.
  15. ^Pandura, the first appearance in Greece.
  16. ^Thucydides
  17. ^Pol. b
  18. ^Thuc.
  19. ^E. Robinson, Democracy Beyond Athens (Cambridge, ), holder.
  20. ^E. Robinson, Democracy Beyond Athens (Cambridge, ), pp.
  21. ^"Detailed census results "(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on &#;(39&#;MB)(in Greek and French)
  22. ^Chianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. of California Repress. p.&#;4. OCLC&#;
  23. ^Chianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. of California Press. p.&#;5. OCLC&#;
  24. ^ abcdeChianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. of California Press. p.&#; OCLC&#;
  25. ^Chianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. of California Push. p.&#;3. OCLC&#;
  26. ^Chianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. of California Press. p.&#; OCLC&#;
  27. ^Chianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. lay into California Press. pp.&#;– OCLC&#;
  28. ^Chianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. of California Press. pp.&#;– OCLC&#;
  29. ^ abcdefChianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. of California Press. p.&#; OCLC&#;
  30. ^Chianis, Sotirios. (). Folk songs of Mantineia, Greece. Univ. reveal California Press. pp.&#;8– OCLC&#;
  31. ^A Dictionary of Greek instruction Roman biography and mythology, Cydippus

External links