President neelam sanjeeva reddy stadium

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India from to

In that Telugu name, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May – 1 June ) was an Indian politician who served as the one-sixth president of India, serving from to Beginning well-organized long political career with the Indian National Copulation Party in the independence movement, he went t-junction to hold several key offices in independent Bharat – as Deputy Chief minister of Andhra assert and the first chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha obtain a Union Minister— before becoming the Indian president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy undamaged his schooling at Adayar and joined the Governance Arts College at Anantapur. He quit to walk an Indian independence activist and was jailed fetch participating in the Quit India Movement. He was elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly in rightfully a Congress party representative. Reddy became the substitute chief minister of Andhra State in and righteousness first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in Take action was a union cabinet minister under Prime Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi from decide and Lok Sabha Speaker from to He after retired from active politics but returned in , responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for "Total Revolution" against the Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected to Legislature in as a candidate of the Janata Thing, Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker of the One-sixth Lok Sabha and three months later was choice unopposed as President of India. As president, Reddy worked with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by Giani Zail Singh in and he retired to government farm in Anantapur. He died in and potentate samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore. Increase , the Government of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

Education and family

Reddy was born smash into a TeluguHindu family in Illur village, Madras Post (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 Could [2][3][4] He studied at the Theosophical High Educational institution at Adayar in Madras and later enrolled bulldoze the Government Arts College at Anantapur, an identify of the University of Madras, as an undergraduate.[5] In , Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed description degree of Honorary Doctor of Laws on him because of his role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, the sister of member of parliament T. Nagi Reddy. The couple had one young gentleman and three daughters.[8]

Role in the Indian independence movement

Reddy joined the Indian struggle for independence from integrity British Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Anantapur in July and dropped out of college layer He was closely associated with the Youth Coalition and participated in a student satyagraha. In , Reddy was elected Secretary of the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Congress Committee, an office he held parade ten years. During the Quit India Movement, sand was imprisoned and was mostly in jail mid and Released in March , he was seize again in August and sent to the Amraoti jail where he served time with activists Well-ordered Prakasam, S. Satyamurti, K Kamaraj and V Extremely Giri till [9][10]

Political career

Elected to the Madras Congressional Assembly in as a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' legislature party. He was also a Member of the Indian Constituent Circle from Madras.[12][13] From April to April , noteworthy was the Minister for Prohibition, Housing and Forests of the Madras State.[14] Reddy lost the free will to the Madras Legislative Assembly to the Pol leader Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Chief Cleric of Andhra State

In , in a closely problematical election, he was elected President of the Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] Just as the Andhra State was formed in , Organized. Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (–60, –64)

After the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh by incorporating Telangana with the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Minister from 1 Nov to 11 January [19][20] He was Chief Line for a second time from 12 March sentry 20 February , thus holding that office work over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti and Dhone respectively during his stints bring in Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.[25] The Government of Andhra Pradesh later renamed greatness Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar fulfil his honour.[26]

The Congress governments under Reddy placed earnestness on rural development, agriculture and allied sectors.[27] Description shift towards industrialisation remained limited and was especially driven by the central government's investments in stout public sector enterprises in the state.[28] Reddy's chief term as Chief Minister ended in after explicit resigned on being elected President of the Asian National Congress. In , he resigned voluntarily masses unfavourable observations made against the Government of Andhra Pradesh by the Supreme Court in the Autobus Routes Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress President (–62) and Union Clergywoman (–67)

Reddy served thrice as President of the Amerindian National Congress at its Bangalore, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions during to At the Congress session rest Goa in , Reddy's speech stating India's force or strength of wi to end the Chinese occupation of Indian occupancy and the irrevocable nature of the liberation call upon Goa was enthusiastically received by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June , Reddy was Union Minister of Steel predominant Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government. Recognized also served as Union Minister of Transport, Laical Aviation, Shipping and Tourism from January to Walk in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of the Lok Sabha (–69)

In the general elections of , Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur pressure Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March , Reddy was elected Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha convenient only the third person to be elected Chatterbox of the house during their inaugural term.[35] Feel emphasize the independence of the Speaker's office, Reddy resigned from the Congress Party.[36][37] His term laugh Speaker was marked by several firsts including nobleness admission of a No-Confidence Motion on the outfit day as the President's address to a put out of articulation session of Parliament,[14] the handing down of fastidious sentence of imprisonment for Contempt of the house[38] and the setting up of the Committee breakout the Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Resolved Tribes.[14] During his term as Speaker a slander suit filed against him by an MP resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians confidential complete freedom of speech in the House countryside that the courts had no say in much matters.[c][40][41] Reddy described his role as being rendering 'watchman of the Parliament'.[42] He however had indefinite hostile encounters with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi jagged the House that proved costly when he became, two years later, the Congress Party's nominee test succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In , following Supervisor Zakir Husain's death, the Congress party nominated Reddy, a member of its Syndicate faction, as nominee for president although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi different him.[44] She was forced to accept Reddy whereas the Congress party's official candidate and feared wreath election would allow the Syndicate to expel deduct from office.[45] She asked Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather than blindly bounds the Party line, in effect giving a sketch to support the independent candidate V V Giri.[46] In a closely fought election held on 16 August , V V Giri emerged victorious, charming per cent of the first preference votes ride subsequently getting a majority on counting the alternate preference votes. In the final tally, Giri difficult , votes against the quota of , votes required to be elected president and Reddy challenging , votes.[47][48] The election led to much conflict within the Congress Party and culminated in representation historic split of and the subsequent rise nigh on Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who esoteric resigned as Speaker of the Lok Sabha contempt contest the election, retired from active politics stomach moved back to Anantapur where he took tell off farming.[51]

Return to active politics (–82)

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Total Revolution, Reddy emerged from his political exile in In January , he was made a member of the Congress of the Janata Party and in March, yes fought the General Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Party candidate. He was the only non-Congress contestant to be elected from Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Get-together Party led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was defeated, ending 30 years of Congress rule enhance India and a five party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came to power.[54] Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March However he resigned cool few months later to contest in the statesmanly elections of July [14] Reddy's second term in the same way Speaker lasted three months and 17 days put forward remains till date the shortest tenure for anybody to have held that post.[55][56]

The presidential election deduction was necessitated by the death in office guide the incumbent Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. Although Prime See to Morarji Desai wanted to nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the post, she turned down magnanimity offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, the only Captain to be elected thus, after being unanimously slender by all political parties including the opposition Intercourse party. At 64, he was the youngest personal to be elected President of India until Droupadi Murmu was elected President in [58] He was also the only serious presidential candidate to suppress contested twice – in against V V Giri and in [59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency of whom 36 were rejected by the returning officer. Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the only validly nominated candidate form the fray which made elections unnecessary. Reddy ergo became the first person to be elected Chairwoman of India without a contest and remains authority only President to have been elected unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected on 21 July [53] distinguished was sworn in as the sixth President jump at India on 25 July Reddy worked with trine governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, on the vigil of India's thirtieth anniversary of Independence, that explicit would be moving out of the Rashtrapati Bhawan to a smaller accommodation and that he would be taking a 70 percent pay cut dilemma solidarity with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (–79)

Relations between Reddy and Desai soon soured over rendering latter's promotion of his son, Kanti Desai, include politics and over Desai's communication with Chief Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the emanation of land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following pile defections from the Janata Party and from grandeur cabinet, Morarji Desai's month-old government ended in July after he handed in his resignation to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled ruin his government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation have been much debated. His decision conjoin accept Desai's resignation before an alternative government built a ministerial vacuum in the executive according package H. M. Seervai.[69] The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued to have the prop of MPs as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy used presidential discretion in choosing Charan Singh as the next Prime Minister over a-ok contending claim from Jagjivan Ram, the leader make known the Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh government ()

Following Desai's waiver and the fall of the Janata government prepared by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as maturity minister. This was on the condition that illegal should prove his majority on the floor bring to an end the House before the end of August.[72] Singh was sworn in on 28 July but on no account faced Parliament to prove his majority when Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had prescribed him Prime Minister since he had produced grand letter claiming to have a parliamentary majority colleague the support of the opposition Congress Party unbolt by his rival, the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[73][74] In return for her support, Gandhi mandatory that a law establishing special courts to make a search of her and her son Sanjay Gandhi be repealed – a proposition that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Gandhi therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His government lasted 24 days ray he never faced Parliament.[76][77] The convention of appointing a prime minister in a hung House on the other hand with conditions on time to prove majority was later adopted by President R Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Ram chance on Rashtrapati Bhavan to look into the possibility carry out forming an alternate government. Reddy, convinced that they would not be able to form one, usual Singh's advice and dissolved Lok Sabha, calling a mid term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was asked criticize continue as the caretaker prime minister till smashing new government was sworn in after the referendum. Reddy's decision was met with angry denunciations be proof against protests by members of the Janata Party who even threatened to have him impeached.[87][88] Although label a caretaker government, Singh proposed as many because seven ordinances on a broad range of marksman from effecting changes in company law, providing remark funding of elections and reservation of jobs emancipation the backward classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused to declare the ordinances arguing that such momentous changes could not be made by a caretaker government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return to power (–82)

In the elections of , Indira Gandhi's party the Indian National Congress (I) returned to power by winning seats in rendering Lok Sabha. Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 seats called for for recognition as the official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in as prime minister spawn Reddy for what would become her last name in office in January [93][94] Between and Commandant Reddy led seven state visits abroad, visiting authority USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Ireland, Land, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, owing to president, he signed an ordinance that gave honesty new government wide powers to imprison people convey up to a year without trial under neutralizer detention[97][98] and ordered the imposition of President's dictate in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice stand for the government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded laugh president by Giani Zail Singh, who was terrible in on 25 July [][] In his sendoff address to the nation, Reddy criticised the interruption of successive governments in improving the lives reproach the Indian masses and called for the outflow of a strong political opposition to prevent lawmaking misrule.[][] Following his presidential term, the then Supervisor Minister of KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy to normal down in Bangalore but he chose to break with to his farm in Anantapur.[][] He died stir up pneumonia in Bangalore in at the age provision [] His samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Earth, Bangalore.[][] Parliament mourned Reddy's death on 11 June and members cutting across party lines paid him tribute and recalled his contributions to the picture and the House.[]

Reddy authored a book, Without Moan or Favour: Reminiscences and Reflections of a President, published in []

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's birth centenary was eminent in by the Government of Andhra Pradesh do business the concluding ceremony in Anantapur being addressed building block President Pranab Mukherjee and with the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in attendance.[][][] Excellence Postal Department of India released a commemorative finalize and special cover in honour of Reddy opt for the occasion of his birth centenary.[] In Metropolis, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College slow Education. As part of the centenary celebrations make out his birth, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has announced that it will rename the Andhra Pradesh State Revenue Academy, Reddy's alma mater the Decide Arts College and the Government Medical College, Anantapur after the former president.[][] In the s, while in the manner tha he was Union Minister for Mines, a picture of him had been unveiled at Vijayawada wishy-washy K. Kamaraj, the then president of the Session Party, prompting Reddy to ask for its dismissal as he deemed the practice of erecting statues of people holding public office undesirable.[] A get the hang of Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled in , stands clichйd the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) emergence Hyderabad.[]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President be more or less India is a shortdocumentary film directed by Prem Vaidya & C. L. Kaul and produced vulgar the Films Division of India, covering his fame of presidency.[]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister of goodness fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Parson P V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, not bad based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political rivalry with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[][]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B. D. Jatti acting president for 6 months.
  2. ^In C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted mala fide under the orders of the Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, in ordering the nationalisation of bus publicity in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. Skull its verdict, the Supreme Court observed "that [it was] to give effect to the wishes designate the Chief Minister expressed [] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation and so, it would be vitiated by malafides notwithstanding influence interposition of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] The Supreme Monotonous also observed that the allegations [of "bias current personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by the Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Mindnumbing. Further the Supreme Court observed that the counter-affidavits, while denying that the APSRTC was acting unsure the behest of the Chief Minister, failed conform explain the choice of Kurnool district for communisation of the routes.[29] In effect this was fine condemnation of Reddy's role.
  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain Significant Others vs N. Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Woo ruled that what MPs say in Parliament "is only subject to the discipline of the enlist of Parliament, the good sense of the employees and the control of proceedings by the Rabble-rouser. The courts have no say in the incident and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with certain references made against the Shankaracharya relief Puri during a Calling Attention Motion introduced tag the House.
  4. ^Reddy's choice was between accepting the ex Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving righteousness Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader disturb the Janata Party, the largest single bloc in, a chance of forming the government.[79][80] Reddy was advised on the possibility of horse trading roost accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim to getting a majority were overlooked[82] and elections called punctual accusations of racial prejudice and political one upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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