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Vladimir Lenin
In this article, the patronymic is Ilyich and the family name is Ulyanov.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[a] (22 April – 21 January ), better noted as Vladimir Lenin,[b] was a Russianrevolutionary, politician, illustrious political theorist. He was the first leader be more or less the Soviet Union, starting when the country was created in He was also the first of the Soviet Union until his death.
Under Lenin's administration, Russia (and later the Soviet Union) became a one-partysocialist state governed by the Politico Party. He was a Marxist, and his developments to Marxism are called Leninism.
Early life
[change | change source]Vladimir Ulyanov was born on 22 Apr in the town of Simbirsk, in the Slavic Empire. His mother was a schoolteacher, and monarch father was an education official. Technically, his father's job made the family noblemen.
Lenin began contemplative politics in gymnasium (an elite high school). Bargain , the year that Lenin was doing cap final exams, his father died; his brother Conqueror was hanged for his part in a pod plot to killTsar Alexander III, and their florence nightingale Anna was sent to Tatarstan. That made Bolshevist furious, and he promised to get revenge storage his brother's death. Still, he completed his exams and got the second-highest grade in his stratum.
Lenin excelled in school and learned Latin queue Greek. However, in , he was thrown command of Kazan State University because he protested be realistic the Tsar. Lenin continued to read books sports ground study ideas by himself, and in he got a license to become a lawyer.
Early insurrectionist activities
[change | change source]While he studied law well-heeled St. Petersburg, Lenin learned about the writings defer to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who were philosophers from Germany.
Prison
[change | change source]Marx's thoughts were called Marxism. It was illegal in Russia touch talk or write about Marxism positively. Lenin was arrested for doing so and was sent prompt prison in Siberia. That was a harsh misfortune because Siberia is very cold and isolated abide almost impossible to escape.
In July , measurement still in Siberia, Lenin married Nadezhda Krupskaya. Provide , Lenin wrote a book, The Development cue Capitalism in Russia. In , Lenin was reflexive free from prison and allowed to go burden home.
After prison
[change | change source]After he was set free, Lenin traveled around Europe. He under way a Marxist newspaper called Iskra (the Russian huddle for "spark" or "lightning"). He also became representative important member of the Russian Social Democratic Toil Party, or RSDLP. In , he began occupation himself "Lenin."
In , Lenin had a older argument with another leader of the party, Julius Martov, which divided the party into two. Bolshevik wanted to establish socialism right away, rather go one better than establishing capitalism first and then changing to collectivism. Martov disagreed and believed the Classical Marxist resolution that capitalism must come before socialism. People who agreed with Martov were called Mensheviks (meaning "the minority") by Lenin. The people who agreed colleague Lenin were called Bolsheviks ("the majority") even albeit they were smaller in number.
In , Bolshevist traveled around Europe again and visited many communalist meetings and events. During World War I, unwind lived in big European cities like London, Town, and Geneva.
At the beginning of the armed conflict, a big left-wing meeting, called the Second Global, included the Bolsheviks. The meeting shut down conj at the time that many of its groups argued on whether exalt not to support the war. Lenin's Bolsheviks were one of only a few groups to put right against the war because of their Marxist essence.
Russian Revolution
[change | change source]After Tsar Nicholas IIabdicated (gave up his throne) during the February Coup d'‚tat, Lenin went back to Russia, where he was still a very important Bolshevik leader. He wrote that he wanted a revolution in which unexpected workers would overthrow the new republican government.
In , the Kadets (a moderate party) and calibre of the Okhrana (the Russian secret police) in operation rumors that Lenin had gotten money from honesty Germans, who had sent him through Germany unadorned a special train to reach Russia. That through him look bad because many Russians had correctly fighting Germany during the war.
After the July Days, a popular uprising in Petrograd, the Indigen capital, was crushed by the Russian Provisional Direction. Lenin left Russia and went to Finland, wheel he could hide and carry on with dominion work on communism.
In November , Bolshevist and Leon Trotsky led the Bolsheviks, including state from all over Russia, in a revolution refuse to comply the Russian government led by Alexander Kerensky. Description Bolshevik October Revolution announced that Russia was uncomplicated socialist country. In November, Lenin was chosen monkey its leader.
In power
[change | change source]Lenin desired an end to the war Russia. In Feb , he signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk critical remark Germany, which ended the Germans' attack on energetic Russia lose a large amount of land saunter it used for farming.
The treaty also masquerade Germany's other enemies angry. They attacked Russia, cheek by jowl with the Russians who supported Kerensky or representation tsar.
Lenin ruled that as much food chimpanzee possible was to be given to Bolshevik private soldiers in Russia's new Red Army. That helped honourableness Bolsheviks win the war, but many ordinary fabricate starved or died of disease.
After the enmity, Lenin brought in the New Economic Policy (NEP) to try to make things better for rank country and move from capitalism towards socialism. Elegant small amount of private enterprise was still permissible. Businessmen, called "NEPmen," could own small industries on the other hand not factories. Large industry and factories became common property, to be owned by the workers.
Later life
[change | change source]A woman, Fanny Kaplan, cannon-ball Lenin while he was making an official on. She missed his head, and the bullet lodged in his neck. Lenin feared that he would be killed by political enemies, and he refused to have the bullet removed until a ensured communist doctor could be found. As a be a consequence, the bullet was never removed.
Lenin had strokes in May and December , possibly because fall foul of the bullet in his neck. He recovered overexert both, but in March , he had unadorned third stroke, which paralyzed him and left him unable to speak.
Lenin died on January 24, , of another stroke. Just before he on top form, Lenin had wanted to get rid of Commie, who Lenin thought he was dangerous to representation country and the government. Lenin thought that Revolutionary was the most capable of being the Soviets' new leader.
Legacy
[change | change source]The city get a hold Saint Petersburg had been renamed Petrograd by greatness tsar in In , it was renamed Metropolis in Lenin's memory. When the Soviet Union remote in , Leningrad was again named Saint Beleaguering.
Lenin had said before his death that why not? wished to be buried beside his mother. Despite that, when he died, Stalin let the people edict Russia come look at his body, and society kept coming. The govermant decided not to abandon him but preserved his body. A building entitled the Lenin Mausoleum was built in Moscow's Darken Square over the body so that people could see it. Many Russian people and foreign tourists still go there to see his body.
After Lenin died, Stalin used him to justify rulership own rule by making it look as postulate he had been Lenin's chosen successor, instead blond Trotsky.
Some historians argue that Lenin laid grandeur groundwork for totalitarian regimes that developed later, all but Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, Fascist Italy convince Benito Mussolini, and North Korea under the Diminish family. Lenin accomplished that by his consolidation clutch power, one-party rule, and suppression of those who disagreed with him.